THE ART OF PERSUASION

advocate

/ˈæd.və.keɪt/ ủng hộ

VERB If you advocate a particular action or plan, you recommend it publicly. [FORMAL]

■ a conservative who advocates fewer government controls on business

■ the tax policy advocated by the Opposition

acknowledge

/əkˈnɑː.lɪdʒ/ thừa nhận, nhận

VERB If you acknowledge a fact or a situation, you accept or admit that it is true or that it exists. [FORMAL]

■ [+ that] It is widely acknowledged that transferring knowledge in a classroom environment is very inefficient.

■ Belatedly, the government has acknowledged the problem.

assert

/əˈsɝːt/ đòi, khảng định

VERB If someone asserts a fact or belief, they state it firmly. [FORMAL]

■ The senator plans to assert that the bill violates the First Amendment.

■ The defendants continue to assert their innocence

dispute

/di'spju:t/ cuộc tranh cãi

If you dispute a fact, statement, or theory, you say that it is incorrect or untrue. ■ He disputed the allegations.

■ [+ that] No one disputes that vitamin C is of great value in the treatment of scurvy

imply

/ɪmˈplaɪ/ ngụ ý, hàm ý

VERB If you imply that something is the case, you say something which indicates that it is the case in an indirect way.

■ ‘Are you implying that I had something to do with those attacks?'

■ She was upset by the implied criticism

justify

/ˈdʒʌs.tə.faɪ/ bào chữa

VERB To justify a decision, action, or idea the Israeli government. ■ [+ about] There has been a lot of debate among scholars about this.

discussion

/dɪˈskʌʃ.ən/ thảo luận

NOUN If there is discussion about something, people talk about it, often in order to reach a decision.

■ [+ about] There was a lot of discussion about the wording of the report.

■ Council members are due to have informal discussions later on today

drawback

/ˈdrɑː.bæk/ bất lợi

A drawback is an aspect of something or someone that makes them less acceptable than they would otherwise be.

■ He felt the apartment’s only drawback was that it was too small.

object

/ˈɑːb.dʒekt/ đồ vật

VERB If you object to something, you express your dislike or disapproval of it.

■ [+ to] A lot of people will object to the book.

■ [+ that] Cullen objected that his small staff would be unable to handle the added work.

■ We objected strongly but were outvoted.

outline

/'aʊtlain/  VERB If you outline an idea or a plan, you explain it in a general way. ■ The mayor outlined his plan to clean up the town’s image.

debate

/di'beit/ cuộc tranh luận

A debate is a discussion about a subject on which people have different views.

■ An intense debate is going on within

Proof

/pru:f/ bằng chứng

NOUN Proof is a fact, argument, or piece of evidence which shows that something is definitely true or definitely exists.

■ [+ of] You have to have proof of residence in the state of Texas, such as a Texas ID card.

■ Economists have been concerned with establishing proofs for their arguments.