Nigeria Terms

APC (All Progressives Congress)

formed as a merger of alliance of democracy and the justice party and other parties, ran Buhari as candidate in 2015, won majority of senate and house in 2015 but not supermajority

Biafra

section that seceded from Nigeria becausethey were primarily igbo and being targeted (happened in 1967)

Boko Haram

terrorist and islamist extremist group

Dutch Disease

refers to negative environmental and economic consequences that arise from discovering oil resources

Federal Character

the principle guaranteeing equal cultural, religious and ethnic representation

MEND

Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta, militant group that emerged from the Niger Delta region advocating benefits for local communities like the Ijaw group

Middle Belt

Both Christian and Muslim people so the region faces a lot of ethnic and religious conflict

Niger Delta

River in Nigeria, causes a lot of tension, region where oil is located

Parastatal Sector

government-owned organizations and corporations

PDP (Peoples Democratic Party)

created by mostly Southerners (not Yorubas), included Northern elites, accused by extreme Muslims as being Christian party, held power from 1999-2015

prebendalism

people feel they have a right to a share of government revenues

First Republic

(1960 to 1966) federal style with parliament, queen of England was head of state (replaced by president), dominated by north due to their high population, they attempted to gain control of resources.

Second Republic

(1979 to 1983) military rule, president shagari and national party of nigeria, democratic transition was delayed

Fourth Republic

(1999 to today) obasanjo, media has more freedom, not complete democracy

Qualified Majority

voting higher than 50% in legislative body, or than two-thirds

rent seeking behavior

politicians prioritizing themselves over the citizens benefits

Shari’a

muslim form of law, has caused controversy because christians don’t want it

Structural Adjustment Plan (and conditions of one)

a set of economic reforms that a country must adhere to in order to secure a loan from the International Monetary Fund or the World Bank (Nigeria got one due to lowered oil prices and national debt in the mid 80s)

zoning

the rotation of the presidency in Nigeria between someone from the north and south

1st Republic Political Parties

northern peoples Congress, action group, national convention of Nigerian citizens

2nd Republic Political Parties

national party of nigeria, united party of Nigeria, nigerian people’s party

3rd Republic Political Parties

center-right (national republican convention), center-left (social democratic party)

rent

government revenue

informal sector

things which cannot be regulated by the government (may be scans)

fiscal regime

rule abotu how to split the profits between companies and governments

local content

employment

rent-seizing

elites try to dismantle regulations to gain access of resources

resource curse (paradox of plenty)

countries with a lot of natural resources tend to have less democracy, economic growth, etc…