Foundations of Occupation: Kinesiology in Daily Life(week 9)

These flashcards are designed to help the student recall key concepts about the anatomy and movements of the hand and wrist, focusing on bones, joints, muscles, and functions relevant to occupational therapy.

Carpal Bones

The eight small bones that make up the wrist, including scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

Wrist Kinematics

The proximal row of carpals rolls in the direction of hand movement and slides in the opposite direction.

Volar Plate

A fibrocartilaginous structure that restricts hyperextension at the MCPs, PIPs, and DIPs.

Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP)

The joint articulation between the metacarpal and its associated phalanx.

Interphalangeal Joint (IP)

The joint between phalanges in the fingers and thumb.

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

A muscle that flexes the MCP and PIP joints of fingers and assists in wrist flexion.

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

The only muscle that flexes the DIP joint of the fingers.

Extrinsic Muscles of the Fingers

Muscles originating outside the hand that control finger movement, including flexor and extensor muscles.

Intrinsic Muscles of the Thumb

Muscles located within the hand that contribute to thumb movement.

Radial Deviation

Movement of the wrist towards the radius or lateral side.

Ulnar Deviation

Movement of the wrist towards the ulna or medial side.

Condyloid Joint

A joint that allows movement in two planes, such as the MCP joints of the fingers.

Hinge Joint

A joint allowing movement primarily in one plane, such as the IP joints.

Opposition

Movement of the thumb that brings it in contact with other digits.

Abduction

Movement of fingers away from the midline of the hand.

Adduction

Movement of fingers towards the midline of the hand.

Thumb CMC Joint

The joint at the base of the thumb, which is a saddle joint allowing varied movement.

Transverse Metacarpal Ligament

A ligament that connects the metacarpal heads, providing stability.

Annular Pulleys

Fibrous structures in the fingers that help correctly position flexor tendons during movement.

Collateral Ligaments

Ligaments located at each side of the MCP and IP joints that limit side-to-side movement.

Palmar Arch System

The structure of the hand that allows it to conform optimally to the shapes of objects.

Flexor Retinaculum

A fibrous band that holds the flexor tendons in place at the wrist.

ECRB (Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis)

A muscle that stabilizes the wrist in extension during grip.

ECRL (Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus)

A muscle that increases activity during forceful finger flexion.

Extensor Digitorum Communis

A muscle that extends all three joints of the fingers.

Extensor Indicis

A muscle that extends the second digit and assists in wrist extension.

DIP Joint

The distal interphalangeal joint, which allows for flexion and extension of the fingers.

PIP Joint

The proximal interphalangeal joint, which allows for flexion and extension of the fingers.

MP Joint Stability

Primarily supported by the volar plate and collateral ligaments.

Phalanges

The bones in the fingers, consisting of distal, middle, and proximal phalanges.

Thumb Flexion

Movement where the thumb moves toward the palm.

Thumb Extension

Movement where the thumb moves away from the palm.

Ulnar Side

The side of the hand facing the little finger.

Radial Side

The side of the hand facing the thumb.

Functional Range of Motion

The optimal range of movement for performing daily activities effectively.

Hand Architecture

The structural arrangement of the hand which influences function.

Proximal Row of Carpals

Includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform.

Distal Row of Carpals

Includes the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

CMC Mobility

The thumb CMC joint allows multidirectional movement unlike the second and third CMC joints.

Finger Flexors

Muscles that facilitate flexion of the fingers.

Finger Extensors

Muscles that facilitate extension of the fingers.

Grip Strength

The force produced by the hand when grasping or holding an object.

Skillful Interaction

The ability to use hands effectively for tasks requiring precision.

Digital Tendon Sheaths

Structures that surround and protect the flexor tendons in the fingers.

Joint Capsule

A fibrous tissue enclosing a joint, providing stability.

Volar Surface

The palm side of the hand.

Dorsal Surface

The back side of the hand.

Kinematics of Finger Movements

Study of motion involved in finger activities, including flexion and extension.

Static Stability

The stability provided by structures at rest.

Dynamic Stability

The stability provided by muscles and ligaments during movement.

Ulnar Bursa

A sheath that encases the flexor tendons of the little and ring fingers.

Radial Bursa

A sheath that encases the flexor tendons of the thumb and index finger.

Cupping Action

The ability of the hand to adapt its shape when grasping objects.

Opposition of Fingers

The ability of the thumb to touch other fingers.

Sensory Receptors

Nerve endings in the skin that provide sensation during hand movements.