Ch. 35: Interpretation of Trauma, Pulpal, and Periapical Lesions

abnormal displacement of a tooth

luxation

luxation of a toth farther into the bone

intrusion

luxation of a tooth partially out of the bone

extrusion

complete displacement of a tooth from the alveolar bone

avulsion

normal exfoliation of primary teeth

physiological resorption

alteration of tooth structure when tooth subjected to abnormal stimuli 

pathologic resorption

resorption that occurs along the periphery of the root

usually appears as blunted or shortened apices 

external resorption

resorption that occurs within the crown or root

appears as a round or ovoid radiolucency 

internal resorption

pulp cavity of decreased size caused by diffuse calcification of pulp chamber and canals

pulp sclerosis 

calcification, or deposition of hard tissue within the pulp cavity

pulpal obliteration

calcifications that form in the pulp chamber or canals

appear as round or ovoid radiopacities

pulp chambers

localized mass of chronically inflamed granulation tissue at the apex of a nonvital tooth

appears as a widened periodontal ligament space at the root apex

periapical granuloma 

develops over a long period of time and is a result of cystic degeneration of the periapical granuloma 

most common

periapical cyst

localized collection of pus that results from pulp death

periapical abscess

very painful and sensitive to pressure, percussion, and heat

may only see a widened PDL space radiographically 

acute periapical abscess

asymptomatic and may clinically appear as a draining fistula  

may appear as a diffuse radiolucency at the apex

chronic periapical abscess

associated with periodontal disease

usually located laterally to the root, but can be at the apex

periodontal abscess

appears as a well defined radiopacity below the apex of a non vital tooth with history of pulpitis

condensing osteitis

appears as a well defined radiopacity below the apices of a vital, non carious tooth

unknown cause

sclerotic bone

excessive deposit of cementum on root surfaces 

hypercementosis 

more than the normal number of teeth

supernumerary teeth

Supernumerary teeth occur more frequently in the _______. 

mandible

The tooth size of supernumerary teeth is usually ______ than normal.

smaller

supernumerary tooth between the maxillary central incisors 

mesiodens 

failure of all teeth to develop

anodontia

a few missing teeth

partial anodontia 

hypodontia

What teeth are commonly missing?

maxillary laterals

mandibular centrals

2nd premolars

3rd molars

teeth larger than their counterparts

macrodontia

teeth smaller than their counterparts

microdontia

What teeth are commonly affected by microdontia? 

lateral incisors (peg laterals)

3rd molars

a disturbance in tooth formation that results in a sharp bend or curve in the root

dilaceration

elongated body of root trunk with shorts roots beyond the furcation

enlarged pulp chamber 

taurodont 

small globule of enamel 1-3 mm in diameter

often in furcation areas or just apical to CEJ

enamel pearls

tooth within a tooth

produces an invagination into the tooth that is lined with enamel 

dens in dente

exchange of position of the teeth

often involves the canine and teeth adjacent to it

transposition