ICT

ict (information and communication technology)

related to technologies that facilitate the transfer of information and various types of electronically mediated communication

ict

describe as using computers and other digital technologies to assist individuals or institutions in handling or using information

it

pertains to the industry that involves computers, software, networking, and other IT infrastructure.

it

subset of ICT as the technology used in the field of IT aids in the use of ICT

information

Refers to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study, or research

Communication

process of exchanging information of individual through verbal and non-verbal means.

Technology

powerful tools that can be used by individuals to gather and process needed information to aid them in their office, school, work, and in day-to-day activities.

Has brought about revolutionary changes in various aspects of our lives, transforming the way we communicate, learn, conduct business, and entertain ourselves.

IMPORTANCE OF ICT

· Instant Messaging and Social Media

· Video Conferencing

· Email

COMMUNICATION

· Online Learning

· Remote Learning During Pandemics

Digital Libraries and Resources

EDUCATION

· E-commerce

· Remote Work

· Data Analytics

 

BUSINESS

· Streaming Services

· Gaming

Social Media and User Generated Content

ENTERTAINMENT

HISTORY OF COMPUTING

a journey of remarkable milestones that have shaped the modern digital world.

Abacus

Slide Rule

PRE-COMPUTING DEVICES

Abacus

one of the earliest calculating devices, used beads on rods to perform arithmetic calculations.

Slide Rule

Slide Rule

allowed for more complex calculations involving multiplication, division, and logarithms.

John Napier

William Oughtred

Developed the slide rule

ENIAC (1946)

UNIVAC (1951)

FIRST ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Compute

ENIAC

eniac

world's first general-purpose electronic computer. It was massive and used vacuum tubes for computation.

Universal Automatic Computer

univac

univac

one of the first commercially produced computers and played a significant role in data processing.

IBM PC

Apple Macintosh

PERSONAL COMPUTERS

ibm pc

- set the standard for the modern PC. Its open architecture allowed for hardware and software compatibility, leading to the growth of the PC industry.

Apple Macintosh

introduced the graphical user interface (GUI) and the mouse, making personal computing more user-friendly.

DOS (1981)

Windows (1985)

MacOS (2001)

EVOLUTION OF SOFTWARE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS

Microsoft Disk Operating System

MS-DOS

MS-DOS

early operating system that became the foundation for Microsoft's success in the PC market

windows

- brought a GUI to DOS-based systems, revolutionizing the user experience. Various versions of Windows have since dominated the PC market.

Mac OS X

Apple's macOS, formerly known as

MacOS

- Unix-based operating system known for its stability and user-friendly interface

ARPANET (1969)

World Wide Web (1989)

Web Browsers

INTERNET AND THE WORLD WIDE WEB

Advanced Research Projects Agency Network

ARPANET

ARPANET

was the precursor to the internet, designed for military and academic purposes.

Tim Berners-Lee

World Wide Web (1989): Invented by

World Wide Web

evolutionized information access and sharing, laying the foundation for the modern internet.

Web Browsers

made the internet more accessible to the general public by providing an intuitive interface for navigating the web.

First-generation Computer (1946-1959)

generation of ELECTRONIC NUMERIC INTEGRATOR AND CALCULATOR (ENIAC)

Second-generation Computer (1959-1965)

generation of TRANSISTOR 

Third-generation Computer (1965-1971)

generation of INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

Fourth-generation Computer (1971-1980)

generation of VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED

Fifth-generation Computer (1980-present)

generation of ULTRA LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATION (ULSI)

J. Presper Ecket and John W. Mauchly

who designed the eniac

20

· words of internal memory of eniac

TRANSISTOR 

was used as the interior section of the computer.

Jack Kilby

who created the inegrated circuit

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

· replacement with transistors to build the computer.

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

Remote processing, time-sharing, and multiprogramming operating system were used in this generation.

VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED

used to build computers.

MICROPROCESSOR 

used on pocket calculators, television sets, automotive devices, and audio and video appliances 

hardware

software

2 components of a computer

hardware

- Consists of all machinery   equipment in a computer system

- Ex: keyboard, mouse, screen, printer, etc.

software

Also called programs

software

- Consists of all the electronic instruction that tell the computer how to perform a task. This instruction can be made using computer programming.

Example: MS Word, MS Office, Adobe Photoshop, etc.

system software

application software

Software that a computer needs to be installed

System Software

- Helps the computer perform essential operating tasks and enables the application software to run.

- Example: Operating systems (Windows 7, 8, 10)

Application Software

- Enables you to perform specific task – solve problems, perform work, or entertain yourself.

- Example: Google Chrome, MS Office, Adobe Lightroom, Adobe Photoshop, etc. Components of Computer

Keyboard

- Accepts letters, numbers, and command from the user

Mouse   

a small handheld device that is dragged across a flat surface to move the cursor on a computer screen

Microphone

- allow user to speak into the computer to input data and instructions

Scanner

converts printed materials into a form the computer can use (e.g. pdf, jpeg).

Camera

- allows one to take pictures then transfer the photographed images to computer or printer.

Printer

- produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as paper

impact

non impact

Two types printer

Impact printers 

printer make contact with the paper using a hammer or pin.

Non-impact printers 

do not use hammer or pin.

MONITOR

- Displays text, graphics, and videos on a screen.

- Look similar to a television.

- Three types of monitors: CRT, LCD, LED

System Unit

the enclosure composed of the main elements of a computer that are used to administer data.

System Unit

it houses the processor chip (CPU), the memory chips, and the motherboard with power supply, as well as secondary-storage devices

Processor Chip

a tiny piece of silicon that contains millions of miniature electronic circuits. Speed of the chip is expressed in megahertz (MHz).

Motherboard

- circuitry of the system unit containing primary component of computer. It is the main circuit board in the computer.

Memory Chips

are also known as RAM (random access memory)

ram

- the primary or temporary storage. ▪

Memory Chips

Considered as volatile storage—data and information stored cannot be retrieved after power having been powered cycled.

ROM Read only memory

type of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices.

ROM Read only memory

- contains the programming that allows a computer to start up or regenerate each time it is turned on.

CD/DVD Drive

- drive is a storage device that uses laser technology to read data from optical disks.

Flash Disk Drive

- A small portable storage device often referred to as a pen drives, thumb drives, or jump drives.

- Typically, removable, rewritable and much smaller optical disc.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD)

- A non-volatile memory

- Stores billions of characters of data using flash memory

- Faster writing and retrieving data.

personal
workstation
minicomputer

mainframe

supercomputer

quantum computer

classification of computer

Personal Computer

small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor.

Workstation

powerful, single-user

computer but has a more powerful

microprocessor and higher quality monitor.

Minicomputer

multi-user computer capable

of supporting 10 to hundreds of users

simultaneously

Mainframe

powerful, multi-user computer capable of

supporting hundreds to thousands of users simultaneously

Supercomputer

extremely fast computer that can

perform millions of instructions per second.

Quantum Computer

any device for computation that

makes direct use of distinctively quantum mechanical

phenomena, such as superposition and entanglement, to

perform operations on dat

Desktop Computers

computers designed to be placed in desk.

Normally have system unit, CPU, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.

Laptop Computers

– are battery-powered computer devices.

Portable, that can be used anywhere and almost anytime.

Table Computers

– hand-held computers with touch-sensitive

screen for typing and navigation.

Smartphones

– hand-held telephones which can do things that

computer can do. e.g. browsing internet, gaming.

Wearable

– include fitness trackers and smartwatches that can be

worn throughout the day.

Smart TV’s

– are the latest television sets that include application

present in computer. e.g. video streaming. Can also be used as

computer monitor and gaming monitor.

Media

- refers to means of communication that uses unique

tools to interconnect among people.

the message

Media can be considered as the message itself for

those who create and own the rights of content.

User-generated Content (UGC)

- content created and

owned by the users of a system.

Professionally-generated Content (PGC)

- content

generated by the brand itself in order to let people

know its brand and much more than they have to offe

through images, videos, blog posts etc.

THE MEDIUM

Refers to the tool or tools used in sending message

from the source to the destination.

THE MESSENGER

The one who delivers the message. e.g. News

Anchor is the one who delivers the news.