Nath CH8: Eyes & Ears

p. 279

blephar/o

eyelid (root)

conjunctiv/o

conjunctiva (root)

corne/o

horny

dacry/o

tears, lacrimal sac/lacrimal duct (root)

dipl/o

two, double (root)

irid/o

iris (root)

kerat/o

hard, cornea (root)

lacrim/o

tear, lacrimal apparatus (root)

ocul/o, opthalm/o

eye (root)

-opia

vision (suffix)

opt/o

light, eye, vision (root)

phac/o

lens (root)

presby/o

old age (root)

pupil/o

pupil (root)

retin/o

retina (root)

scler/o

relating to the sclera, hard (root)

uve/o

denoting the pigmented middle eye layer (root)

acous/p, acus/o, acoust/o

hearing (root)

audi/o

sound (root)

aur/o, auricul/o, ot/o

ear (root)

myring/o, tympan/o

tympanic membrane/eardrum (root)

staped/o

stapes (root)

AD

right ear (abbreviation)

AS

left ear (abbreviation)

AU

both ears (abbreviation)

EOM

extraocular movement (abbreviation)

IOP

intraocular pressure (abbreviation)

LASIK

laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (abbreviation)

OD

right eye (abbreviation)

O.D.

doctor of optometry (abbreviation)

OM

ottis media (abbreviation)

OS

left eye 

OU

both eyes

accomodation

the process that allows the shape of the lens to change for near and far vision

aqueous humor

watery substance filling the space between the lens and the cornea

canthus

angle where upper and lower eyelids meet

choroid

opaque middle layer of the eyeball

ciliary body

set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the shape of the lens

cones

color receptors on the retina that have high visual acuity

conjunctiva

mucous membrane covering the anterior of the eyeball and the inner eyelid

cornea

transparent shield of tissue forming the outer wall of the eyeball

dacrocyst

dilated upper portion of nasolacrimal duct; aka tear/lacrimal sac

extraocular muscles

muscles within the orbit but outside the eyeball

eyebrow

arched line of hairs on the superior edge of the orbit

eyelids

moveable folds that cover the front of the eyes when they close; aka palpibrae

fovea centralis

depression in the middle of the retina that is the area of sharpest vision

iris

anterior part of the vascular tunic; colored part of the eye

lacrimal apparatus

lacrimal gland + lacrimal lake + lacrimal canaliculi + lacrimal sac + nasolacrimal duct

lacrimal ducts

channels that carry tears to the eyes

lacrimal glands

glands that secrete tears

lacrimal fluid

watery, physiologic saline; tears

lacrimal sac

dilated upper part of the nasolacrimal duc

lateral angle of the eye

angle formed by the union of the lateral parts of the upper eyelid and the lower eyelid; aka lateral canthus

lens

refractive structure of the eye, lying between the iris and the vitreous humor

medial angle of the eye

angle formed by the union of the upper eyelid and lower eye lid; aka medial canthus

nasolacrimal ducts

ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands to the nose

ocular

adjective referring to the eye

optic disc

oval area in the eye w/o light receptors; blind spot

optic nerve

cranial nerve responsible for vision

ortbit

bony depression in the skull that houses the eyeball

palpebra

eyelid

photoreceptors

retinal cones and rods

pupil

dark part in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye

retina

light-sensitive membrane forming the innermost layer of the eyeball

rods

black and white photoreceptors on the retina that respond to dim light

sclera

the outer surface of the eye; part of the fibrous tunic; white part of eye

uvea

vascular layer of the eye

vitreous body

transparent jellylike substance filling the interior of the eyeball

vitreous humor

fluid component of the vitreous body

amblyopia

visual acuity not the same in both eyes; lazy eye

astigmatism

irregular shape of one/both eyeballs —> fuzzy vision

blepharitis

inflammation of the eyelid

blepharoconjunctivitis

inflammation of the palpebral conjunctiva (inner lining of the eyelids)

blephagroplegia

paralysis of an eyelid

blepharoptosis

drooping eyelid

blepharospasm

involuntary contraction of the eyelid

cataract

complete or partial opacity of the ocular lens

conjunctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva; pinkeye

dacryocele

enlargement of the lacrimal sac with fluid

dacryocystitis

inflammation of the tear sac

dacryolith

stone in the lacrimal apparatus

dacryorrhea

excessive discharge of tears

diplopia

condition in which a single object is perceived as 2; double vision

ectropion

eversion (turning out) of the eyelid

entropion

inversion (turning) in of the eyelid

glaucoma

increased intraocular pressure (IOP) —> damage/atrophy to optic nerve —> blindness if untreated

hordeolum

eye gland infection; aka sty

hyperopia

image falls behind retina —> farsightedness

iridomalacia

softening of the iris

iritis

inflammation of the iris

keratitis

inflammation of the cornea

lacrimal

referring to or related to tears or the dear ducts and glands

lacrimation

secretion of tears, especially in excess

myopia

image falls in front of retina —> eye elongates —> nearsightedness

oculodynia

eyeball pain; aka opthalmagia

oculopathy

any disease of the eyes; aka ophthalmopathy

ophthalmolith

stone in the lacrimal apparatus; aka dacryolith

ophthalmomalacia

softening of the eyeball

presbyopia

aging —> farsightedness

retinitis

inflammation of the retina