Chapter 19 AP CHEM Notes

Spontaneous process

proceeds without outside assistance

Reversible process

a specific way in which a system changes its state; can return to original state by exactly reversing the change

Irreversible process

cannot simply be reversed to restore the system and its surroundings to their original states

Isothermal process

expansion of an ideal gas at constant temperature

Microstate

a single possible arrangement of the positions and kinetic energies of the molecules when the molecules are in a specific thermodynamic state

Standard molar entropies

molar entropies for substances in their standard states