Social studies test stuff

good luck :)

Embalming

Process used to keep dead bodies from decaying.

Mummy

Wrapped body of a preserved dead person.

Canopic jars

Jars used to store the organs of the dead when humans were made into mummies.

Afterlife

Life following human life, most important to the Egyptians.

Deities (Deity)

Gods.

Sarcophagus

An Egyptian coffin.

Pharaoh

Egyptian ruler or King.

Cartouche

An oval figure inscribed with hieroglyphs of a Pharaoh's name.

Dynasty

A series of rulers from the same family.

Amulet

An object worn to guard against evil or harm.

Scarab beetle

A superstitious symbol of good luck.

Hieroglyphics

An Egyptian writing system based on pictures.

Role of pharaohs

Jobs: Led the blank, set blank, judged criminals, and controlled blank.

Army, taxes, temples

Role of pharaohs

Believed to be a blank on earth.

God

Role of pharaohs

Blank the country and maintained the blank.

United, cosmic order

Role of pharaohs

Achieved eternal blank for himself and his people.

Life

Role of farmers

Peasant farmers grew all the blank in Egypt.

Food

Role of farmers

During the flooding season when they could not farm, peasant farmers blank.

Worked on the pharaohs building projects.

Role of slaves

Did much of the hard blank in Egypt.

Labor

Role of slaves

They built monuments, blank, and blank for the pharaoh.

Temples, pyramids

Rights of women

They had blank rights than most women in the ancient world.

More

Rights of women

They could own blank and run blank.

Property, their own businesses.

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1)

Egyptians clearly defined a social class system because they thought if people knew their roles in society, than society would be blank.

Orderly

2)

Could people in ancient Egypt change social classes? Why or why not?

No, because it was always determined by wealth and education, and people had no opportunities to do so.

3)

The largest number of people in ancient Egypt were the blank class.

Lower

4)

The smallest number of people in ancient Egypt were in the blank class.

Upper

5)

It was so difficult to become a scribe in Egypt because there were hundreds of blank to memorize!

Hieroglyphs

Egyptian power pyramid

1) blank

The pharaoh or the pharaohs family

Egyptian power pyramid

2) blank

Government officials, nobility, and pharaohs advisors.

Egyptian power pyramid

3) blank

Priests

Egyptian power pyramid

4) blank

Scribes

Egyptian power pyramid

5) blank

Skilled workers, artisans, and merchants

Egyptian power pyramid

6) blank

Peasants, farmers, herdsmen, slaves

Death and beyond

Underworld- place where the dead went to be blank

Judged

Death and beyond

Duat- Egyptian name for the blank

Underworld

Death and beyond

Hall of two truths- the blank in the underworld where the dead were blank by Osiris for passage to the afterlife.

Place, judged

Death and beyond

12 gates- must pass a “blank” at each gate to get to the hall of blank

Test, two truths

Death and beyond

Book of the dead- a book with blank and blank to help the dead pass the dangerous “tests” of the underworld.

Magic spells, prayers

Death and beyond

Osiris- god of the blank. King of the blank, judged the dead and led good souls to the afterlife.

Underworld, dead

Death and beyond

Anubis- god of blank and blank, Guardian of the dead- watched over judgment in the blank.

Embalming and mummification, hall of two truths

Death and beyond

Heart- was placed on the blank of H of TT to weigh if the blank of the dead person was good or bad.

Scale, soul

Death and beyond

Feather of truth- the weight that balanced the blank on the scale determine if the soul was blank.

Heart, good or bad

Death and beyond

Maat- goddess of truth, justice, blank, and blank.

Law, order

Death and beyond

Afterlife- life after blank most important to the Egyptians: blank

Human life, paradise

Death and beyond

Ammit- devourer of the blank. “Goddess” who ate blank of “bad” people after they were judged.

Dead, souls

Death and beyond

Ushabtis- small blank placed in tombs to be blank in the afterlife.

Statues, servants

Steps of the mummification process

Why did Egyptians mummify people?

The soul or ka needed a physical body to return to in the afterlife.

Steps of the mummification process

Who was mummified?

Anyone who could afford to be.

Steps of the mummification process

how long did mummifying take?

Up to 70 days.

Steps of the mummification process

What happened to the heart?

It was taken from the body to be judged in the hall of two truths.

Steps of the mummification process

What about the brain?

It was taken out through the nose and then thrown away.

Steps of the mummification process

Why were ambulances hidden in the mummy wrappings?

To bring good luck and guard against evil spirits.

Step 1)

The body was laid out in a tent called the “beautiful house.”

Step 2)

After breaking the nose, priest inserted a curved blade up one nostril, sliced the brain into pieces and then pulled it out through the nose and threw it away.

Step 3)

The priest drew a line down the left side of the body. A man entered the room, cut an incision in the body with a knife, and was chased out while being cursed by the priests, For it was forbidden to injure an Egyptian.

Step 4)

The stomach, intestines, liver and lungs were removed and stored in Canopic jars.

Step 5)

Only the heart, which will be judged in the hall of two truths, was returned to the body.

Step 6)

The body was then washed with wine and spices.

Step 7)

The body was covered in salt to dry it out and then tilted for 40 days to drain the fluids from it.

Step 8)

To prevent the body from cracking, it was rubbed with a mixture of oil and other things.

Step 9)

Priest would fill the eyes with painted stones, marbles, or even onions! Then to give the body shape, the embalmers would fill or “stuff” it with wads of linen, papyrus, sand, or even sawdust!

Step 10)

Finally, the body was carefully wrapped in layers of linen and bandages, which could take up to 15 days! Prayers and rituals were performed during the wrapping.

Step 11)

A funerary mask was also placed on top of the mummy to protect its face and also so the dead person’s spirit, called the ka, could recognize the body when returning to the tomb.

Step 12)

The wrapped mummy was then put into a coffin called a sarcophagus.

Step 13)

After the body was completely mummified, the opening of the mouth ceremony was performed to restore to the mummy all the senses and movements of the living.