ch 12.1 & 12.25-12.27, 18.1: formed elements of the blood
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cardiovascular system
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30 Terms
blood cell formation
hematopoiesis
how much of the blood is erythrocytes
45%
iron-containing protein that reversibly binds O2
heme group
how many molecules of hemoglobin are in each erythrocyte
270 million
primary function is blood clotting in response to tissue damage
platelets
plasma minus platelets and fibrins
serum
the stoppage of bleeding
hemostasis
what are the three mechanisms of hemostasis
vessel constriction, formation of a platelet plug, blood coagulation
how are platelets activated
signaling agents act locally to alter platelets
activated, “sticky” platelets adhere to old ones
platelet aggregation
how is hemostasis stopped
healthy endocrine cells near the damage release prostacyclin and nitric oxide
what is the dominant hemostatic response
blood coagulation
how does blood coagulation work
blood is turned into a clot (thrombus)
what does a clot mostly contain
fibrin
what functions do monocytes perform
phagocytosis and inflammation
what functions do neutrophils perform
phagocytosis and realease inflammatory agents
what functions do eosinophils perform
allergic reactions
what functions do basophils perform
inflammation response and histamine release
attack foreign cells and antibody secretion
b cells
attack infected and defective “self” cells
t cells
foreign cell recognition and target for destruction
cytotoxic t cells
activate lymphoid cells
helper t cells
bind to viral and cancerous cells and destroys them
natural killer (NK) cells
differentiated monocyte
macrophage
where do leukocytes differentiate
in the tissues
found in large numbers in epithelia in contact with external environment such as skin, respiratory system, and digestive system
macrophages
may line blood and lymphatic vessels
macrophages
differentiated b cells (antibodies)
plasma cells
secrete histamine
mast cells
peptide chemical messengers secreted by cells of the immune system and some non-immune cells
cytokines
