MOD 1-4 GESS

Socrates

KNOW YOURSELF

Socrates

every man is composed of body and soul

Socrates

the true task of the philosopher is to know oneself

Socrates

was the first philosopher who ever engaged in a systematic questioning about the self

Plato

supported the idea that man is a dual nature of body and soul. 

Plato

added that there are three components of the soul: the rational soul, the spirited soul, and the appetitive soul.

Plato

THE IDEAL SELF,THE PERFECT SELF

rational, spirited, appetitive soul

Plato added that there are three components of the soul:

Thomas Aquinas

man is composed of two parts: matter and form

Matter

or hyle in Greek, refers to the “common stuff that makes up everything in the universe.

Form

or morphe in Greek refers to the “essence of a substance or thing.

Rene Descartes

I THINK THEREFORE I AM

Rene Descartes

Conceived of the human person as having a body and a mind

Rene Descartes

The body is nothing else but a machine that is attached to the mind.

Rene Descartes

• The human person has it but it is not what makes man a man. 

• If at all, that is the mind. 

Immanuel Kant

RESPECT FOR SELF

Immanuel Kant

Things that men perceive around them are not just randomly infused into the human person without an organizing principle that regulates the relationship of all these impressions.

Immanuel Kant

There is necessarily a mind that organizes the impressions that men get from the external world

GILBERT RYLE

Blatantly denying the concept of an internal, nonphysical self; what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life

Gilbert Ryle

Blatantly denying the concept of an internal, nonphysical self; what truly matters is the behavior that a person manifests in his day-to-day life. 

Merleau Ponty

The mind and body are so intertwined that they cannot be separated from one another.

Merleau Ponty

• One cannot find any experience that is not an embodied experience. 

• All experience is embodied; one’s body is his opening toward his existence to the world. 

• The living body, his thoughts, emotions, and experiences are all one.

David Hume

THE SELF IS THE BUNDLE THEORY OF MIND

David Hume

The self is not an entity over and beyond the physical body.

David Hume

a bundle or collection of different perceptions, which succeed each other with an inconceivable rapidity, and are in a perpetual flux and movement.

Separate

self is distinct from other selves. The self is always unique and has its own identity.

Self-contained and independent

because in itself it can exist. Its distinctness allows it to be self-contained with its own thoughts, characteristics, and volition

Consistency

means that a particular self’s traits, characteristics, tendencies, and potentialities are more or less the same

Unitary

in that it is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run through a certain person

Private

means that each person sorts out information, feelings and emotions, and thought processes within the self. This whole process is never accessible to anyone but the self

Moi

a person’s sense of who he is, his body, and his basic identity, his biological givenness

Personne

is composed of the social concepts of what it means to be who he is

Mead and Vygotsky

• The way that human persons develop is with the use of language acquisition and interaction with others. 

• treat the human mind as something that is made, constituted through language as experienced in the external world and as encountered in dialogs with others.

Self in Families

The kind of family that we are born in, the resources available to us (human, spiritual, economic), and the kind of development that we will have will certainly affect us

Gender and the Self

is one of those loci (center or source) of the self that is subject to alteration, change, and development.

Identity

is composed of personal characteristics, social roles, and responsibilities, as well as affiliations that define who one is

Self-concept

is what basically comes to your mind when you are asked about who you are

Id

the most primitive of the three structures, is concerned with instant gratification of basic physical needs and urges

Id

It operates entirely unconsciously (outside of conscious thought)

Superego

It develops as a child learns what their culture considers right and wrong

Superego

is concerned with social rules and morals—similar to what many people call their ” conscience ” or their “moral compass.

Ego

the rational, pragmatic part of our personality

Ego

It is less primitive than the id and is partly conscious and partly unconscious.

Ego

It’s what Freud considered to be the “self,” and its job is to balance the demands of the id and superego in the practical context of reality

Self-awareness

times when we are aware of our self-concepts

Private self

internal standards and private thoughts and feelings

Public self

your public image commonly geared toward having a good presentation of yourself to others

actual self

who you are at the moment

ideal self

 who you like to be

ought self

who you think you should be

Narcissistic

trait characterized by overly high self-esteem, self-admiration, and self-centeredness

Eastern thoughts

Asian culture is called a collectivistic culture as the group and social relations that is given more importance than individual needs and wants

Western thoughts

is what we would call an individualistic culture since their focus is on the person

Confucianism

A code of ethical conduct, of how one should properly act according to his/her relationship with other people

Prophersor Confucius

the recognized founder of Confucianism, also referred to as the Ru-jia doctrine or School of Literati as it is known by Western scholars

Self-cultivation

is seen as the ultimate purpose of life.

subdued self

wherein personal needs are repressed (subdued) for the good of many, making Confucian society also hierarchical for the purpose of maintaining order and balance in society.

Taoism

Living in the way of the Tao or the universe

Taoism

Rejects the hierarchy and strictness brought by Confucianism and would prefer a simple lifestyle and its teachings thus aim to describe how to attain that life

Lao-tzu

• Laozi or Lao-tse

• “Old Master”

• Founder of Taoism

• Wrote Tao Te Ching

Buddhism

is a faith that was founded by Siddhartha Gautama (“the Buddha”) more than 2,500 years ago in India. With about 470 million followers, scholars consider Buddhism one of the major world religions.

Siddhartha Gautama

Buddhism is founded by

dukhka

existence is suffering

trishna

 suffering has a cause, namely craving and attachment

nirvana

there is a cessation of suffering

eightfold path 

 path to the cessation of suffering