Goat

George Washington

George Washington

1st President of US (under the Constitution) New York City

Precedent

an action or decision that serves as an example to follow in similar situations

inaugural

The beginning, the first of a series

Alexander Hamilton

1st Secretary of the Treasury (under Washington)-he wanted to create national bank, pay off states' debts using federal tax money, and use tariffs to pay off the national debt

Thomas Jefferson

1st Secretary of State (under Washington)

Democratic-Republicans

-early political party led by Thomas Jefferson-believed states should have more power than central government-popular in south and west

Political Party

-group that shares the same ideas about how government should run

Strict Construction (of the Constitution)

-way of interpreting the Constitution-only means what is actually written in it-Thomas Jefferson supported this

Loose Construction (of the Constitution)

-broad interpretation of the constitution-government has powers beyond what is listed in the constitution

Elastic Clause

Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution-allows Congress to make all laws that are "necessary and proper" to carry out the powers of the Constitution

National Bank

part of Hamilton's economic plan as a place to deposit government moneyand to make loans to the government and businesses

Whiskey Rebellion

-tax protest by farmers in western PA-Washington and troops quashed it, proving the Constitution stronger than Articles of Confederation

Farewell Address

-Washington's final advice on foreign affairs, debt, and political parties

Isolationism

A national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs

Neutrality Proclamation

-a 1793 statement by President Washington that the United States would not support or aid either France or Britain in their fight with each other

Jay's Treaty

-treaty signed in 1794 between the U.S. & Britain, negotiated by John Jay-Britain had to pay for Americans ships seized in 1793-Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the Rev War-British would remove troops from the Ohio Valley

Pinckney's Treaty

-agreement between the US & Spain, negotiated by Charles Pinckney-changed Florida's border-made it easier for US ships to use the port of New Orleans

Executive Branch Precedent

Using title of Mr. PresidentServing 2 termsGiving Inaugural Address

Capital Compromise

-Compromise made by Jefferson/Madison/Hamilton-moved the capital to the south (Washington DC) in exchange for the south's support to pay off northern states' war debt

Washington D.C.

Capital of the United States-formed from land from Maryland & Virginia on the Potomac River

John Adams

2nd President of the US-Federalist Party

XYZ Affair

-Americans were supposed to meet with the French foreign minister (Talleyrand)-instead 3 officials who Adams called "X,Y, and Z" demanded $250,000 as a bribe to meet with Talleyrand and to stop attacking US ships

Alien Act

-1798 law that gave president authority to deport individuals whom he considered a threat to US

Sedition Act

-law that made it a crime to write, print, utter, or publish criticism of the president of government

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts-said that states could nullify (ignore) federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional

Citizen Genet

French diplomat who suggested Americans overthrow GW when GW refused to support France's war v. Great Britain

Federalists

Political Party led by Hamilton/Adams -pro-British -supported by northern states -pro-business -supported a national bank -believed in loose construction of constitution

French Revolution

French people overthrew the French monarchy -inspired by American Revolution but much bloodier and more violent -divided US - Americans supported the French people, US govt. did not get involved

12th Amendment (1804)

Changed procedure for electing President and Vice-President-electors would cast one ballot for President, one for VP (before it was 1st place winner=Pres., 2nd place=VP)

Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Land purchased from France by TJ-$15 million-doubled size of US - Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains

Lewis and Clark Expedition

expedition sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the new land purchased from France

Sacagawea

Native American woman who guided Lewis and Clark during exploration of LA territory-they would have died without her help

Marbury v. Madison

1803 Supreme Court case that established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court in Marbury vs. Madison

Bloodless Revolution of 1800

-Peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another (Federaist to Dem.-Rep.)

Benjamin Banneker

-Black scientist and engineer -Saved plans for Washington D.C. by writing them out from memory

Slave Trade Ban

International slave trade banned in US in 1808 (part of the slave trade/tariff compromise from Cons. Convention)

Tecumseh

Shawnee chief who tried to united Native American tribes in Ohio and Indiana against white settlers advancing on their land-sided with British in War of 1812

Canada

US tried to gain control of Canada during War of 1812

War Hawks

Southern and Western congressmen who were eager for war with Britain-wanted control of British territory in North America

Northwest Territory

British occupied forts here-violated Treaty of Paris and Jay's Treaty by never abandoning their forts in the area

Impressment

British practice of capturing American sailors and forcing them into military service

War of 1812

1812-1814 war between the U.S. and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British, the British seizure of American ships, and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier.-2nd war for independence

Battle of Lake Erie (1813)

Naval battle-U.S. forces led by Oliver Hazard Perry-defeated and captured six British naval ships-gave US control over The Great Lakes

Oliver Hazard Perry

U.S. naval officer who beat the British on Lake Erie in 1813-wrote of the victory - "We have met the enemy and they are ours"

Battle of Thames

Battle in which General Harrison defeated British & Native American forces in the Northwest-Tecumseh was killed in the battle

Battle of Bladensburg (1814)

Americans lost - ran from the battle-enabled the British to march into Washington DC and burn it down

USS Constitution (Old Ironsides)

US warship which defeated the British warship HMS Guerriere in 1812-British cannon never punctured the ship - earned the nickname "Old Ironsides"

Dolley Madison

1st Lady, wife of James Madison-last to leave the White House before British burned it-saved important papers and GW painting

Invasion of Washington DC

British invade and set the White House and most of the city on fire-hurricane and tornado saved DC from further destruction

Battle of Baltimore

British attack Fort McHenry to get to Baltimore but eventually retreat-Francis Scott Key wrote the Defense of Fort McHenry about the battle - later became the national anthem "Star-Spangled Banner"

The Star-Spangled Banner

-national anthem written by Francis Scott Key as he witnessed the bombing of Fort McHenry by the British

Fort McHenry

Fort that guarded entrance to Baltimore harbor

Francis Scott Key

Washington lawyer who watched the all-night battle at Fort McHenry-wrote poem "The Defense of Fort McHenry" which later became the national anthem

Battle of Horseshoe Bend (1814)

U.S. forces led by Andrew Jackson defeated Native American tribes

Battle of New Orleans, 1815

Last major battle of the War of 1812-fought AFTER the war was over but they didn't know-made Andrew Jackson a war hero which helped him become President

Monroe Doctrine

1823 - warned European countries not to interfere/colonize in the Americas -reinforced Washington's Neutrality Proclamation

Era of Good Feelings

-time period after the War of 1812-characterized by time of peace, building of infrastructure, lack of political party infighting

Lousiana Purchase

-Bought from France (Napoleon) for $15 million by Thomas Jefferson -doubled the size of the US, from Mississippi River to Rocky Mountains

Andrew Jackson

U.S. general who defeated the Native Americans at Horseshoe Bend and commanded the victory over the British at New Orleans-he became a national hero as a result of his record in the War of 1812 and later rode that fame to the presidency.

Jacksonian Democracy

-policy of giving the "common man" more political power-Jackson dropped the requirement that you had to own land to be able to vote

American System

-economic plan to use tariff money to build infrastructure - roads, canals, railroads

Henry Clay

-Senator from Kentucky who proposed the American System

Protective Tariff

-A tax on imported goods that raises the price of imports so people will buy domestic goods

Nullification Crisis

A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson-an attempt by South Carolina to nullify (invalidate) a federal law - the tariff-Jackson threatened to send US troops to SC

Worcester v. Georgia

-Supreme Court case that ruled in favor of the Cherokee being able to keep their land-Andrew Jackson ignored it and forced the Cherokee to move off the land for white settlers (the Trail of Tears)

Trail of Tears

Forced removal of the Cherokee Indians from their land in Georgia to Indian territory in Oklahoma-800 mile trail from-more than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey

Nullification

Belief that a state can ignore federal law that they believe violates the Constitution (declare it null and void)

Tariff of Abominations

Also called Tariff of 1828-tax on imported manufactured goods-The tariff protected the North because encouraged people to buy American products-South said tariff hurt their economy and unconstitutional because it violated states' rights

Spoils System

-Giving government jobs to your supporters when you win an election