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statistics
using mathematical methods to understand numerical information (data)
descriptive statistics
using statistical methods to provide a simple summary of data
mode
the most frequently occurring score(s) in a distribution
mean
the arithmetic average of a distribution, obtained by adding the scores and then dividing by the number of scores
median
the middle score in a distribution; half the scores are above it and half are below it
range
the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution
standard deviation
a computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score
normal curve
a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data; most scores fall near the mean
inferential statistics
using statistical methods to interpret data meaningfully
statistical significance
a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result (such as a difference between samples) occurred by chance, assuming there is no difference between the populations being studied
meta-analysis
a statistical procedure for analyzing the results of multiple studies to reach an overall conclusion