stimulus vs response

Learning

The process of acquiring information or behavior through experience

Memory

The retention of learned information over time

Reinforcement

Any consequence that increases the likelihood that a behavior will occur again

Positive Reinforcement

Adding a stimulus after a behavior that increases the behavior

Negative Reinforcement

Removing an unpleasant stimulus after a behavior to increase the behavior

Punishment

Any consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur again

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A stimulus that naturally and automatically produces a response without learning

Unconditioned Response (UR)

An automatic, unlearned response to an unconditioned stimulus

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response after being paired with a US

Conditioned Response (CR)

A learned response elicited by a conditioned stimulus

Classical Conditioning

A learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with a stimulus that naturally produces a response

Operant Conditioning

A form of learning in which behavior is shaped and maintained by its consequences

Respondent Behavior

Behavior elicited by a stimulus and measured by latency or strength of response

Operant Behavior

Voluntary behavior that is emitted and measured by rate of responding

Continuous Reinforcement (CRF)

Reinforcing every instance of a behavior

Fixed Ratio (FR)

Reinforcement delivered after a fixed number of responses

Variable Ratio (VR)

Reinforcement delivered after an unpredictable number of responses

Fixed Interval (FI)

Reinforcement delivered for the first response after a fixed amount of time

Variable Interval (VI)

Reinforcement delivered for the first response after varying amounts of time

Scalloped Pattern

A pattern of responding characterized by a pause after reinforcement followed by increasing response rate

Habituation

A decrease in response intensity following repeated exposure to a stimulus

Sensitization

An increase in response intensity following repeated exposure to a stimulus

Law of Effect

Behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated