IT121 Week 1 Notes: Introduction to ICT and Computer Systems

Vocabulary flashcards covering ICT, IT, computer systems, data processing, machine cycles, and basic programming concepts from Week 1 notes.

ICT

Information and Communications Technology; the use of computers and other digital technologies to assist individuals or organizations in handling or using information.

IT

Information Technology; the field involving computers, software, networking, and related infrastructure used to manage and relay information.

Computer

A programmable electronic device that accepts data, performs computations and logical operations, and produces results quickly.

Information

Knowledge you obtain about something or someone.

Communication

The transmission of ideas and emotions between or among people using verbal and nonverbal cues.

Technology

The branch of knowledge dealing with engineering or applied sciences; the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

People

The most important element in a computer system.

Hardware

The tangible/physical parts of a computer system.

Software

The intangible programs and data that run on hardware.

Data

Facts and figures fed into a computer for processing.

Connectivity

The ability for two or more computers to share information and resources via networks and communication media.

Procedure

A step-by-step series of instructions to perform a function and achieve the desired output.

Data Processing Cycle

The sequence of steps: Input, Process, Output, Store used to convert raw data into information.

Input

Feeding raw data into a computer.

Process

Transforming raw data into meaningful information.

Output

The resulting information after processing.

Store

Recording and retrieving information in storage media.

Machine Cycle

The sequence the CPU uses to execute instructions: Fetch, Decode, Execute, Store.

Fetch

Getting a program instruction or data from memory.

Decode

Translating instructions or data into a form the CPU can understand.

Execute

Carrying out the command.

Store (Machine Cycle)

Writing the result back to memory.

Algorithm

A step-by-step procedure to solve a problem or perform a computation.

Variable

A memory location used to store a value with a name.

Data Type

The kind of data a variable can hold (e.g., int, float, char).

Array

A collection of elements of the same type stored in contiguous memory.

Pointer

A variable that stores a memory address.

Function

A block of code that performs a specific task.

Class

A blueprint for creating objects in object-oriented programming.

C++

A general-purpose programming language that supports procedural, object-oriented, and generic programming.

BSCS

Bachelor of Science in Computer Science; study of computing concepts, algorithmic foundations, and software design.

BSIT

Bachelor of Science in Information Technology; study of hardware/software technologies and IT infrastructure.

BSIS

Bachelor of Science in Information Systems; study of the application and effect of IT in organizations.

Debug

The process of finding and fixing defects in a program.

Implement

To translate a design into a working program.

Test

To verify that a program works as intended and meets requirements.