New Testament Study Guide final exam (copy)

What is the Overarching Principle to follow when reading the NT

Grammatical-historical approach is a method that emphasizes understanding the text in its original context, considering both the grammar of the language and the historical circumstances surrounding its writing.

What is the proper order to studying the Bible

First: Understand
Second: Application

What is the application principle to follow when reading the NT

Once you understand the meaning, seek to apply it to your life.This involves reflecting on how the text informs your beliefs and actions.

What characteristic of Jesus does Matthew focus on?

Matthew focuses on Jesus as king

What are the four phases of Jesus’ earthly ministry

1) Public Presentation (2.5 years)
2) Private Preparation (6 months)
3) Mixed Focus (6 months)
4) Final Events (The days leading up the Passion)

How would you describe the first phase of Jesus’ earthly ministry?

Public presentation lasted about 2.5 years. Jesus was actively seeking out crowds.

What were the transition events that moved Jesus the first phase of his ministry to the second?

The two transition events are the first moment of rejection after the teaching of the unpardonable sin and then the final rejection after the feeding of 5,000.

What was the main idea of the Sermon on the Mount?

"Unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven." (Matt 5:20)

How many resurrection appearances of Jesus are recorded in the NT?

10

What is the basic storyline of the book of Acts

Acts follows how the church came into existence in Jerusalem. Then the spread of the gospel into Judea and Samaria, finally into the ends of the earth.

How does Peter fulfill Jesus’ statement that he had been given “the keys to the kingdom of Heaven"?

Peter fulfills the statement by using the keys to the kingdom of heaven by reaching Jerusalem on the day of Pentecost, then Samaria by praying for the Samaritans to have the Holy Spirit, lastly, the Gentiles when Peter was invited by Cornelius a Roman centurion who was converted.

According to the book of Acts, how is someone saved from sin?

First believe in Jesus then repent of your sin. Then you have been saved by faith not works.

Where did Paul go on his first journey?

Started in Antioch, Cyprus, moved into Asia Minor to Pamphylia then into the province of Galtaia, Perga, Pisidian Antioch, Iconium, Lystra, and Derbe before backtracking and returning home.

Where did paul go on his second journey?

Began in Antioch, Tarsus, Derbe, Lystra, Iconium, Antioch in Pisidian, Troas, Neapolis, Philippi, Amphipolis, Apollonia, Thessalonica, Berea, Athens, Corinth, and Cenchrae, Ephesus, Ceasarea

Where did paul go on his third journey?

Antioch, Berea, Corinth, Damascus, Derbe, Ephesus, Iconium, Jerusalem, Lystra,
Philippi, Tarsus, Thessalonica, & Tyre.

What is the main idea of Romans?

The book of Romans, Paul explains the basic doctrines of the Christian faith, carefully explaining the gospel fully and how to live faithfully as a Christian.

What are the Prison Epistles?

Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians Philemon.

What are the Pastoral Epistles

1 and 2 Timothy and Titus

According to Romans, what does justification involve (not just forgiveness of sin but also..)?

Christians are not only declared righteous by God (justification) the believer then grows righteous behavior day by day (sanctification).

In 1 Corinthians what were the specific issues the Corinthian Church was facing related to sexual practices.

-People in Corinth were permitting sexual immorality on the basis of the freedom they had in Christ.
-Participating in cultic prostitution in Greek temples.
-If they should divorce their spouse if they weren't Christians.
-Should married Christians abstain from sex.
-Should Christians even get married at all.

According to Galatians how are we saved?

Christians have to have faith in Jesus in order to be made righteous.

What is the key concept in successfully living the Christian Life?

We have died and been raised with Christ. Or we "put off" the "old self" because that self died with Christ and has no power over us and now we can "put on" our "new self" through the power of the Holy Spirit.

What did Paul teach the Colossians about Jesus?

Paul said that Jesus fulfilled the law for us and is seated at the right hand of God(higher than any angel) and through him we died to the things of this world and have the power to overcome sin.

What was Paul referring to when he uses the word mystery?

The mystery reveled is now Gentiles have the ability to be saved.

What does 1 Thessalonians and 2 Thessalonians teach about second coming of Christ?

-Christians that are dead have fallen asleep
-The dead in Christ will rise again will be resurrected
-The living given new bodies
-Judgment against sinner
-Chris will come like a thief in the night(a complete surprise).
-It will mean the sudden destruction for unbelievers.

-The man of lawlessness (anti-christ) will come first and Jesus will be the one to defeat him.

What is the job of an elder in the church?

To lead the people of God through praying for the sick and preaching.

What truths about the Christian life can we draw out of Paul’s final words to Timothy?

To continue on in the good fight even against persecution for your reward will be in Heaven.

Main idea of Hebrews?

To press on in faith, running the race God has for us. Drawing from numerous OT passages and concepts, the writer shows how the New Covenant surpasses the Mosaic Covenant, and how Jesus is superior to anyone or anything else.

Main idea of James?

James writes with the goal that his readers become perfect and complete, lacking in nothing. To this end, his letter is filled with practical matter of obedience. James emphasizes in various ways and in various areas of life that true faith will result in obeying God and loving others.

Main idea of 1 Peter?

Just as Christ humbly endured suffering, the followers of Christ are to humbly endure sufferings. Drawing from the encouragement that Christ suffered, God uses are sufferings for a purpose, and we have an eternal inheritance.

Main idea of 2 Peter?

As he awaits execution, Peter writes one last letter to the believers to encourage them to persevere in their Christian walk and to warn them about false teachers.

Main idea of 1 John?

To combat a dangerous heresy, John writes to believers in order to clarify truth from error so they can be assured of the truth and be assured of their salvation.

Main idea of 2 John?

John writes to a local church to instruct them not to help false teachers carry out their work. John instructs them not to have hospitality who is a false teacher.

Main idea of 3 John

John writes to an individual named Gaius to commend him for practicing hospitality to traveling Christians who are carrying out God’s work, and to condemn a false teacher named Diotrephes who forbid believers from practicing hospitality to such Christians

Main idea of Jude

Jude warns believers against following the teaching of false teachers by unmasking their true nature and their destiny. Instead he encourages believers to persevere in their faith.

Main idea of Revelation

Jesus is coming back with eternal blessings, for those who are faithful to him, and with eternal judgment for those who reject him.

Key word of Hebrews?

Better

Key word of James?

Trials

Key word of 1 Peter?

Hope and Suffering

Key word of 2 Peter?

Grow and Knowledge

Key word of 1 John?

Know

Key word of 2 John?

Remain

Key word of 3 John?

Imitate

Key word of Jude?

Keep

Key word of Revelation?

Witness

What does book of Hebrews say about the relationship between the Mosaic Covenant and New Covenant?

The New Covenant is better than the Old (Mosaic) Covenant because, Jesus is better than anything the people of God had under the OC.

According to Hebrews how is Christ better than the Levitical priesthood and the old sacrificial system?

Jesus is the perfect sacrifice since he didn’t have to make a sacrifice for his sins only the worlds and he made a sacrifice to the true Tabernacle: Heaven.

How is it possible for Jesus to serve as our high priest when he was not a descendant of Aaron?

Jesus’ priesthood is better than the priesthood that exists under the Mosaic Covenant because Abraham himself recognized the priesthood of Melchizedek over 500 years before the start of the Levitical priesthood

How are the writings of James similar to the teachings of Jesus?

Because it has a similar to style to the way Jesus taught since the two were brothers and grew up in the same place. They had to have developed a similar way of talking.

What does James emphasize when talking about the relationship between faith and works?

James emphasizes obedience, that true faith will always be accompanied by obedient actions.

Does James contradict what Paul wrote about Salvation?

No, because you’re saved by faith and then continue on in obedience by works.

How do James and Paul’s writings relate to one another?

Both agree that you first confess that Jesus is Lord through action but by believing in the Resurrection you show your faith. Faith and works work together. You need both to follow Jesus.

What were the circumstances (Occasions of Writing) behind Peter’s first letter?

Peter writes to believers in Asia Minor that are facing persecution under Emperor Nero in 64 AD after the fire in Rome.

How and why did Emperor Nero Persecute the early Christians?

Nero would cover Christians with wild beasts skin then eaten by dogs or they were put on crosses and used as lights during the night. He persecuted Christians because he needed a scapegoat for the fire he caused in Rome so that he could build a palace for himself.

In 1 Peter, what topic or person does Peter use throughout the letter to encourage the believers in their suffering?

That Christ himself suffered and that because of suffering God uses it to strengthen our faith.

What were circumstances (Occasion of writing) behind Peter’s second letter

Peter knew he was going to be martyred soon so he wrote his final letter to encourage Christians to persevere in their walk and be wary of false teachers.

How does Peter demonstrate humility in his second letter?

Peter calls himself “ a servant and apostle of Jesus Christ, to those who have obtained a faith of equal standing with ours by the righteousness of our God and Savior Jesus Christ.

How does Peter view the events recorded in the book of Genesis? How should that influence how we view those events?

Peter views them as historical events and it proves that one day God will bring judgment and save his people in the future.

what does 2 Peter tell us about the Day of the Lord?

Peter says Christ will come suddenly, the present creation will be burned and a new creation will be made.

When did John write his three letters?

85-95 AD

What was Gnosticism?

Gnostics essentially believed that

(1) the flesh was bad and sinful, while the spirit was good, and

(2) that salvation consisted of overcoming the physical prison of the body by yielding totally to the spiritual through special, secret knowledge that was available only to some (gnosis in Greek means ‘knowledge’). They concluded that Christ could not have taken on flesh, since flesh was evil; he just appeared to have taken on human form.”

How did John combat Gnosticism?

John himself was an eye witness and witnessed the event of the Gospel. Jesus was fully man.

How does the letter of 1 John help us know that we are truly saved?

John gives us 4 questions

Are you walking with God in obedience?

Do you genuinely love other Christians?

Are you a part of a local church?

Do you have the Holy Spirit dwelling in you?

How does the letter of 1 John give us the confidence that the NT is an accurate record of the truth taught by Jesus and the apostles?

He spent three years at Jesus’ side during his earthly ministry, he was in the Garden of Gethsemane when Jesus was arrested, he was standing at the foot of the cross as Jesus died, he saw the empty tomb, and he saw the resurrected Jesus on multiple occasions.

What practice in the early church do the books of 2 John and 3 John address

Welcoming fellow believers into their homes- hospitality

The book of Jude is similar to what book in the NT?

2 Peter

Although Jude wanted to write something uplifting what topic did he feel that he needed to write about instead. What lesson should we learn from that today?

Jude issues a warning because of the current crisis that had developed in the church. False teachers had “crept in unnoticed” and were doing damage to people’s faith and lives.

What analogy did the professor provide to help interpret apocalyptic literature. what way is apocalyptic literature similar to that.

Apocalyptic literature are like dreams. Or “dream logic” in dreams unnatural or unconventional things can happen.

What is the significance of the seven letters Jesus had John write to the seven churches

The seven churches are representative types of church that existed and will exist during the period between Christ’ first coming and his second.

According to the lecture what is the best understanding of how the seven seals, seven bowls, and seven trumpets relate to one another

That all of them happen in a telescopic matter

What are the three most common interpretations of the millennium described in Revelation 20

Premillennialism, postmillennialism, amillennialism

How does the end of the book of Revelation provide a fitting conclusion to the whole Bible

The last two chapters of Revelation form a fitting conclusion to the whole Bible. All of earthly history has ended. The original heavens and earth have been replaced with a new heavens and earth, and the people of God are now with him. Man is redeemed and the relationship we lost in the fall is now restored.

What general issue does the sexual immorality in 1 Corinthians relate to?

Christians are not exempt from sexual sins. Some christians in the name of freedom commit sexual immorality or are too restrained in regards to a healthy marriage.

What teaching can we pull out of Paul’s instructions from 1 Corinthians?

Christians need to follow God's standards of sexual purity.
-Sexual activity is only permitted in a marriage.
-Some people are called to abstain from marriage and that's fine.
-It's not a sin to get married.

After we are saved, what teaching can we pull out of Paul’s instructions to the Galatians?

Christians are to live a Christian life through the power of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit sanctifies us.

What is Peters application to the events of the day of the Lord in 2 Peter?

Christians should live lives of holiness and godliness as we wait for the Lord.

What is the preterist view of Revelation?

Believe in postmillennialism, this view holds that the events in Revelation 4-22 would have been in the future for John, but are now in the past for us.

What is the futurist view of Revelation?

This view holds that the events in Revelation 4-22 would have been in the future for John, and are still in the future for us as well.

What is Dispensational premillennialism view of Revelation?

Interpret 6-19 as a prophecy of a literal 7 year tribulation after the church’s rapture and then God will bless Israel for 1,000 years.

What is the Historical premillennialists view of Revelation?

A modified futurist position and hold that the church will pass through the final tribulation and will share in Christ’s future earthly rule during the millennium.

What is the Historicist view of Revelation?

Believe in postmillennialism, this view holds that the events in Revelation 4-22 would have been in the future for John, but some of those events but not all are in the past for us.

What is the Idealists view of Revelation?

View the millennium as a symbolic time, this view is non-committal about which events in Revelation 4-22 have already taken place and which have not.

What is the main idea of 2 Corinthians?

Paul writes to the church this time to defend himself against false teachers who were accusing him and to encourage the church to finishing collecting the funds they had promised to send to the persecuted believers in Jerusalem.

What is the main idea of 1 Corinthians?

Paul is writing to a church he planted that was struggling with a wide variety of theological and practical issues that are relevant to the Christian life today.

What is the main idea of Galatians?

To counter the Judiazers who taught that obeying the Law of Moses was required for salvation, Paul emphasizes that salvation is by grace through faith, and that the Christian life is lived by grace through faith.

What is the main idea of Ephesians?

Paul thanks God for the Ephesians for their faith, reminds them of the doctrines of the faith, and provides instruction on basic practices of the faith. Focuses on general truths that all Christians need to know.

What is the main idea of Phillipians?

Out of gratitude and love, Paul writes a very personal letter to the church, thanking them for their support and concern for him. He encourages them to rejoice in everything and to serve one another humbly like Christ did.

What is the main idea of Colossians?

Paul writes to the church to counter false teaching. To correct this 'philosophy'. Paul emphasized the preeminence of Christ and the futility of works, and urged them to live holy lives.

What is the main idea of 1 Thessalonians?

Paul wrote to the church to assure them of his love for them, and to correct a misunderstanding about the second coming of Jesus.

What is the main idea of 2 Thessalonians?

To correct additional false teachings about the second coming of Jesus that had confused and distressed the believers.

what is the main idea of 1 Timothy?

Paul wrote this letter to Timothy, his young partner in ministry whom he had left in charge of the church in Ephesus. Paul wrote to encourage him to press on and to give him various instruction about how the church should function.

What is the main idea of 2 Timothy?

A farewell letter, Paul is in prison and knows that his death is near. Paul gives final instruction to Timothy to press on in his ministry and to pass on what he had learned so that the ministry would endure to future generations.

What is the main idea of Titus?

Wrote to his assistant Titus whom he had left in charge of the church in Crete. Paul wrote to provide instructions abouot church organization and practice.

What is the main idea of Philemon?

Paul writes to a wealthy man on behalf of a runaway slave Onesimus. Paul had led Onesiums to Christ so he asks Philemon to forgive Onesimus and accept him back as he would a brother in Christ.

What characteristic of Jesus does Luke focus on?

Luke presents Jesus as the Son of God in his perfect humanity.

What characteristic of Jesus does John focus on?

John focuses on Jesus' divinity and identity as the Son of God, who is fully God and fully man

What characteristic of Jesus does Mark highlight in the book of Mark?

The Gospel of Mark presents Jesus as "the Son of God" and the perfect slave (or servant) of God.

How would you describe the second phase of Jesus’ ministry?

Private preparation 6 months

How would you describe the third phase of Jesus’ ministry?

Mixed focus 6 months

How would you describe the fourth phase of Jesus’ ministry?

Final- weeks leading up to the passion.