The Unfinished Nation, Chapter 5

Adopted by the Continental Congress in 1777, the _____ provided a legal framework for the national government.

Articles of Confederation

After the Revolution, one setback to the legal rights of married women was that they could no longer

claim their dowries from their husbands' estates upon the death of the husband.

After the Revolution, poor farmers faced problems with which of the following?

-taxes.

-debt.

Among the Americans who supported the British in the War for Independence were:

-people who held positions in the imperial government.

-merchants who traded closely with the imperial system.

-settled, cautious people who feared social instability.

Among the foremost advocates of women's rights during and after the Revolution was Abigail __________.

Adams

As Americans began to build new governments after the Revolution, they agreed the governments would be

republican.

As they struggled through the postwar financial crisis of the mid-1780's, farmers demanded that state governments:

-issue paper currency.

-increase the money supply.

Because British ships tried to drive American ships from the sea and the British closed their ports to American trade, American merchants began to develop trade networks with which of the following after the war?

-the Caribbean.

-Asia.

-South America.

Because most _____ were _____, the Revolution weakened their religious presence in America.

-Quakers; pacifists.

-Anglicans; Loyalists.

British officer _____ and American General _____ faced off in the battle at Saratoga.

John Burgoyne; Horatio Gates

During the Revolution, antislavery sentiments grew and several states outlawed the slave trade. Which states did so?

-Connecticut.

-Pennsylvania.

Essential to the ideal of republican government was a citizenry dominated by

independent landowners.

Financial issues associated with _____ demonstrated the weakness of Congress under the Articles of Confederation.

-the postwar economic depression.

-appropriating funds for government operations.

-an inadequate money supply.

For Americans in 1776, the Declaration of Independence was significant because it provided formal justification for

dissolving the political connection between the colonies and Great Britain.

George Washington and French forces planned to trap Charles Cornwallis at:

Yorktown, Virginia.

How did the British use the slavery issue to try to defeat the rebellious colonies?

by enabling escaped slaves to leave the country

In 1776, General William Howe drove General George Washington's forces from the city of:

New York.

In contrast to the Old World notion of hereditary aristocracy, American ideology emphasized

equality

In South Carolina nearly _____ of all slaves defected during the war.

one-third

In the early days of the Revolutionary War, most Americans believed they were fighting for

a solution to a disagreement within the British Empire.

In the late eighteenth century, every state byt Georgia and South Carolina passed laws prohibiting

the importance of slaves

In what ways did Congress try to raise money to finance the war?

-by borrowing money from other nations.

-by requisitioning money from state governments.

-by issuing paper money in the form of "Continental currency".

John Burgoyne surrendered at __________, New York, an event that marked a major turning point in the war.

Saratoga

Match the names of important figures from the Revolutionary War with their identities:

Sir Henry Clinton:

Lord Cornwallis:

Nathanael Greene:

Thomas Sumter:

Sir Henry Clinton: replacement for William Howe as British commander in chief.

Lord Cornwallis: British commander in the South.

Nathanael Greene: replacement for Horatio Gates as American commander in the South.

Thomas Sumter: Patriot guerrilla fighter.

Match the phrase of the war with Great Britain and the region in which it was primarily fought:

first:

second:

third:

first: New England

second: the mid-Atlantic

third: the South

On October 17, _____, Charles Cornwallis surrendered to the Americans at Yorktown, Virginia.

1781

Since 1970, significant schools of thought have interpreted the American Revolution in all of the following ways, except as

proof that race is key to understanding early American phenomena.

Some loyalists who fled after the American Revolution established the first English-speaking community in

Quebec.

Tensions between state governments and farmers came to a head in the summer of 1786, when Daniel __________ led an insurrection in Massachusetts.

Shay

The American Revolution weakened the position of Native Americans because white Americans:

-often resented Indian assistance to the British in the war.

-had even greater demand for western Indian land.

The Battle of __________ __________ was fought on June 17, 1775, in Boston.

Bunker Hill

The Confederation's greatest success was its resolution of controversies over

the western frontier.

The Continental Army's commander in chief was

George Washington

The delegates to the Second Continental Congress were in agreement on:

their support for the was against England.

The first and most basic concern in establishing state governments was to

create written constitutions.

The Northwest Ordinance included provisions that

-abolished the 10 districts established in the Ordinance of 1784.

-guaranteed freedom of religion and right to trial by jury in the new territory.

-prohibited slavery throughout the new territory.

The Northwest Ordinance referred to a region north of the

Ohio River

The Ordinance of 1784 divided the western territory into ten

self-governing districts.

The Ordinance of 1785 established a _____ system for dividing land.

grid

The publication of __________ __________ by Thomas Paine in 1776 gave voice to Americans' yearning for independence.

Common Sense

The second part of the Declaration of Independence contained a:

list of crimes the king had committed.

The __________ __________ Congress held its first meeting a few weeks after the battles of Lexington and Concord.

Second Continental

Though there was not much military activity in the North after 1778, one incident that stunned Americans was the discovery of treason committed by General __________ __________.

Benedict Arnold

True or False: By the second phase of the war, it was clear the British had no chance of winning.

False. (Had it not been for a series of mistakes and misfortunes , the British likely would have won the war.)

Under English common law, unmarried women had

some legal rights.

With the approval of the Declaration of Independence, former __________ became states and began producing their own written constitutions.

colonies

What are some of the reasons for the failure of the British strategy to focus on the South during the third phase of the Revolutionary War?

-The British believed they could win significant support from the slave population.

-The British overestimated the extent of Loyalist sentiment.

-The British could not identify their enemies, since they blended in with the civilians.

What did the 1786 Statute of Religious Liberty call for?

separation of church and state

What was the greatest challenge the Continental Congress faced after the Revolutionary War began?

financing the war

Which of the following convinced France to recognize the United States as a sovereign nation?

-Benjamin Franklin's diplomatic mission to France.

-news of the American victory at Saratoga.

What was the significance of the American invasion of Canada and the crushing of a Loyalist uprising in North Carolina in 1776?

The British realized the war would not be isolated to the New England region.

Which British philosopher most influenced the Declaration of Independence?

John Locke

What was the primary reason nearly every state revised or rewrote its constitution by the late 1780s?

to produce more stability in government

Which of the following countries experienced a revolution in the late eighteenth century?

Haiti

Which of the following did Americans use as evidence that the British failed to abide by the terms of the 1783 peace treaty?

-continued British military presence in the Great Lakes.

-refusal to make restitution to the owners of confiscated slaves.

Which of the following did the post-Revolution American system guarantee equality of?

opportunity

Which of the following helped build support for the idea of independence in the early months of 1776?

Thomas Paine's Common Sense

Which of the following religious groups grew stronger as a result of their support of the Patriot cause?

-Presbyterians.

-American Catholics.

-Baptists.

Which of the following statements about the Revolution and its impact on women's rights are correct?

-The Revolution subtly encouraged people to rethink the status of women within the family and society.

-Rather than challenging traditional male dominance, the Revolution confirmed and strengthened it.

Which of the following statements about the state constitution-making process is not correct?

Under the Massachusetts constitution, constitutional conventions would meet every year.

Which of the following statements about the Treaty of Paris is not correct?

American diplomats cooperated fully with France in their negotiations with the British.

Which of the following were fundamental changes introduced in the Massachusetts constitution that influenced other state constitutions?

-creation of a constitutional convention.

-strengthening the executive branch.

Which of the following were major ideas of the Enlightenment that influenced revolutionary and independence movements around the world?

-popular sovereignty.

-political power comes from the consent of the governed.

Which of the following were tenets of the Articles of Confederation?

-Congress is the only institution of national authority.

-A unanimous vote is required to amend the Articles.

Who among the following were notable advocates of women's rights during the Revolution and its aftermath?

-Judith Sargent Murray.

-Abigail Adams.

Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

Which of the following were problems that the Northwest Ordinance addressed?

-Congress favored land companies over ordinary settlers.

-Property prices were too high for most ordinary settlers.

Which of the following were major problems with the Articles of Confederation?

-They limited the power of Congress.

-They did not create an executive branch.

-They required a unanimous vote for amendment.

Which of the following was a term of the Treaty of Greenville?

-a formal acknowledgment of Indians' claim to territories they retained.

-affirmation that only the tribes concerned could cede their lands to whites.

-the transfer of substantial Indian lands to the American government.

Why did John Adams have difficulty as a diplomatic representative of the Confederation to London?

The British weren't sure whether he represented one nation or 13.

Why did most Americans begin to believe they were fighting for independence rather than reconciliation with the British after the war began?

-The British rejected efforts at reconciliation.

-The costs of the war were so high that reconciliation seemed to be too modest a goal.

-The British tried to recruit African slaves and Indians, which angered the colonists.

Why did the Count de Vergennes decide to back the American rebels in their fight with the British?

to advance French interests by weakening the British