MODULE 2: BEGINNINGS

Natural Selection

an evolutionary process by which those individuals of a species that are best adopted are the ones that survived and leave the most fit offspring

Adaptive Behavior

promotes an organism’s survival in its natural habitat

Evolutionary Psychology

states that adaptation, reproduction, and “survival of the fittest” are important in shaping behavior.

chromosome

a threadlike structure that come in 23 pairs tat contain genetic substance DNA

DNA

complex molecule that contains genetic information; it is helix-shaped molecule

Genes

segment of DNA that helps cell to reproduce and manufacture the proteins that maintain life.

Mitosis

cellular reproduction that happens in body cells that produce two genetically identical cells.

Meiosis

a form of cell division that happens in eggs and sperm called gametes. wherein a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the orginal amount of genetic information

fertilization

a stage in reproduction when an egg and sperm unite to form a single cell

zygote

fertilized egg cell that results from the union of a female gamete (egg, or ovum) with a male gamete (sperm)

Oogenesis

ovum ripens and release every 28 days

spermatogenesis

producing male gametes in testes

genotype

exact pairing of alleles (ex. BB, Bb, bb)

Phenotype

expression of inherited characteristics (ex. blue eyes and green eyes)

down syndrome

a form of intellectual disability caused by the presence of extra copy of chromosome 21

Klinefelter syndrome

a chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra x chromosome, making them XXY instead of XY. They have undeveloped testes and they usually have enlarged breast.

Fragile X Syndrome

a genetic disorder that result from an abnormality in X chromosome, which becomes constricted and often break

turner syndrome

a chromosomal disorder in which either an X chromosome is missing, making person XO instead of XX.

Reciprocal Translocation

two different chromosome have been exchange

Robertsonian Translocation

an entire chromosome has attached to another at the centromere.

Behaviour Genetics

the field concerned with the influence of heredity and environment in individual differences in human traits and development.

heredity-environment correlations

states that heredity directs the type of environment that children will experience.

epigenetic view

emphasizes that development is the result of an ongoing, bidirectional interchange between hereditary and environment.

gene-environment interaction

involves specific measured interaction between DNA and environment.