anaphy respi part 3

Tidal volume (TV)

• Normal quiet breathing

• 500 ml of air is moved in/out of lungs with each breath

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly above the tidal volume (pag kulang kunwari pag may pneumonia)

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled beyond tidal expiration

Residual volume (RV)

Air remaining in lung after maximal expiration

Dead space volume

• Air that remains in conducting zone and never reaches alveoli

• About 150 ml

Functional volume

• Air that actually reaches the respiratory zone

• Usually about 350 ml

Bronchial sounds

produced by air rushing through large passageways such as the trachea and bronchi

Vesicular breathing sounds

• sounds of air filling alveoli

• most abundant sound when auscultating lung areas

loading

Carbon dioxide diffuses out of tissue cells to blood

unloading

Oxygen diffuses from blood into tissue

Medulla

• pinaka main respiratory center

• - sets basic rhythm of breathing and contains a pacemaker (self-exciting inspiratory center) called the ventral respiratory group (VRG)

Pons

smoothes out respiratory rate

Hyperpnea

Increased respiratory rate, often due to extra oxygen needs

Hyperventilation

• Rising levels of CO2 in the blood (acidosis) result in faster, deeper breathing

• May result in apnea and dizziness and lead to alkalosis

Hypoventilation

• Results when blood becomes alkaline (alkalosis)

• - Extremely slow or shallow breathing