biotechnology

restriction enzyme

• used to cut DNA into precise pieces

restriction fragments

-pieces cut by restriction enzyme

gel electrophoresis

• a gel placed in buffer sulution
• electric freld applied to gel
• smaller molecules move through gel faster because of less resistance
  -seperates molecules based on size in different areas of gel

analyzing dna

• most of the time, DNA samples too small to easily analyze
• DNA gets used up when analyzing

Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR)

• able to make multiple copies of a particular region of DNA
• lets small samples be analyzed
  more easily
• uses DNA polymerase, primers, and cycles of heating and cooling
• improved DNA analysis because DNA gets used up when analyzing, so with a large quantity of DNA, multiple tests can be done to understand DNA better

GMOs

• genetically modified organisms
  can lead to better, less expensive, more nutritious food
  also less harmful manufacturing process
  GMO Food - very common
  Some produce B6 toxic (harmless to humans but
  kills insects)
  GMO Animals - pests can be modified for sterility then released to bread and decrease population

Transgenic organism

• organism that contains genetic material where DNA from unrelated organism introduced (like GMO)

Recombinant DNA

• combination of 2 DNA strands constructed artificially

vector

• DNA molecules used to carry genetic material to another organism to be replicated and expressed
• used in gene therapy

Gene Therapy

• type of genetic engineering
• using genes to treat or prevent disease
• use vectors, take out faulty gene, no guarantee new gene won't harm organism in future
• can alter base pair, codon, or whole gene

CRISPR

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats

• genetic technology that lets genes be edited

• lets scientists modify DNA efficiently and precisely
  technology the lets genes be edited
  -able to precisely edit genes tous modyfying own

• uses simple RNa protein to guide enzyme
  -efficient
  -improved ability to modifig genes because it's precise and efficient

• improved ability to study grens because is enables getting rid of or modiyinigus specific genes for testing.

Plasmid

• section of DNA that can replicate independently of chromosomes
• in bacteria
• small and circular

Clone

• genetically identical organism produced from same cell source