Natural Resources, Industries, and the Canadian Economy

Flashcards about natural resources, extraction, and Canadian industries.

Natural Resources

Resources found in nature that are used by humans, such as water, forests, and minerals.

Renewable Resources

Resources that can be replenished over time.

Non-Renewable Resources

Resources that take a long time to form and cannot be easily replenished.

Raw Materials

Natural resources used to create products.

Location of Resource Extraction

Extracting resources where they are abundant.

Oil & Gas Extraction Methods

Drilling, hydraulic fracturing (fracking).

Forestry Extraction Methods

Logging (clear-cutting, selective cutting).

Minerals & Metals Extraction Methods

Mining (open-pit, underground).

Fisheries & Aquaculture Extraction Methods

Fishing (catching or farming).

Energy Extraction Methods

Wind, hydroelectric, solar, etc.

Agriculture Extraction Methods

Growing crops, raising livestock.

Social Impact of Resource Extraction

Affects communities (jobs, health).

Economic Impact of Resource Extraction

Contributes to the economy (wealth, jobs).

Environmental Impact of Resource Extraction

Can harm ecosystems (pollution, deforestation).

Political Impact of Resource Extraction

Affects policy and international relations.

Land Tenure & Ownership in Canada

Land ownership and control, including Indigenous land.

How Oil & Gas are Formed

From decomposed plant and animal matter over millions of years under heat and pressure.

Oil & Gas Locations in Canada

Alberta, Newfoundland & Labrador, Arctic regions.

Offshore Exploration

At sea (more challenging).

Onshore Exploration

Land-based.

Conventional Drilling

Vertical wells.

Processing Oil & Gas

Refined into usable products (e.g., gasoline).

Mining

Extracting minerals and metals from the earth.

Precious Metals

Gold.

Base Metals

Copper.

Industrial Minerals

Limestone.

Energy Minerals

Coal.

Exploration (Mining Process)

Finding mineral deposits.

Evaluation (Mining Process)

Assessing viability.

Sudbury Regreening Program

Replanting trees and restoring the environment after mining.

Canada's Lungs

Forests act as air purifiers.

Crown Land

Government-owned land.

Clear Cutting

Cutting all trees in an area.

Strip Cutting

Cutting in strips to allow forest recovery.

Selective Cutting

Cutting only mature trees.

Shelterwood Cutting

Removing trees in stages to maintain a stable environment.

Farming in Canada

Focuses on wheat, dairy, beef, and more.

Climate (Impacting Farming)

Temperature, rainfall.

Supply Management

Regulates production and price of milk, eggs, poultry.

Groundfish

Fish that live on or near the ocean floor (e.g., cod).

Pelagic Fish

Fish that live in the open ocean (e.g., tuna).

Sustained Yield Management of Fishing

Ensures fish populations are maintained for the future.

Importance of Energy Resources

Powering homes, industries, and transportation.

Processing Energy Resources

Conversion into usable forms (e.g., electricity from hydro).

Electricity Use in Ontario

Mainly from nuclear, hydro, wind, and natural gas.

Made in Canada

Refers to products manufactured in Canada.

Product of Canada

Indicates Canadian origin of materials or ingredients.

Customers (Location Factors in Manufacturing)

Proximity to market.

Transportation (Location Factors in Manufacturing)

Easy access to shipping routes.

Political Factors (Location Factors in Manufacturing)

Regulations and trade policies.

Circumstance (Location Factors in Manufacturing)

Natural advantages like climate.

How is an Economy Measured?

GDP (Gross Domestic Product), unemployment rate, inflation rate.

Primary Sector of Industry

Extracting raw materials (mining, fishing).

Secondary Sector of Industry

Transforming raw materials to produced goods.

Tertiary Sector of Industry

Services and goods to consumers (education, healthcare).

Quaternary Sector of Industry

Knowledge-based services (research, IT).