The Human Body in Health and Illness 7th Edition Test Bank

Flashcards covering introductory human anatomy and physiology, basic chemistry, cell biology, cell metabolism, microbiology, tissues and membranes, integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system (brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, autonomic), sensory system, endocrine system, blood, heart anatomy and function, blood vessels, lymphatic system, immune system, respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, water-electrolyte-acid-base balance, and reproductive systems from Herlihy: The Human Body in Health and Illness, 7th Edition.

Physiology

The branch of science that studies how the body functions.

Anatomy

The word that comes from the Greek word meaning “to dissect”.

Organ

A higher order of organization compared to molecule, cell, or tissue.

Superior

Directional term meaning the head is located to the chest.

Distal

Directional term meaning the foot is located to the leg.

Distal

Directional term meaning the leg is to the thigh.

Proximal

Directional term meaning the thigh is to the foot.

Superior

Directional term meaning the thoracic cavity is to the abdominopelvic cavity.

Thigh

The kneecap is located distal to the .

Lung

The organ located in both the ventral and thoracic cavities.

Liver

The organ located in the ventral cavity but not in the thoracic cavity.

Brain

The organ located in the dorsal cavity.

Ventral cavity and pelvic cavity

Descriptive of the location of the reproductive organs.

Abdominopelvic cavity

The cavity that is divided into quadrants.

Right hypochondriac

The region included within the right upper quadrant (RUQ).

Left iliac

The region included within the left lower quadrant (LLQ).

Navel

Refers to the umbilicus.

Lumbar

Refers to the lower back region.

Inguinal

Refers to the groin region.

Antecubital

Refers to the area in front of the elbow.

Umbilical

The area that appears only on the anterior part of the body.

Gluteal

The area that appears only on the posterior part of the body.

Inguinal

The area that is inferior to the diaphragm.

Coronal plane

Another name for the frontal plane.

Sagittal

The plane that divides the body into right and left halves.

Thoracic

The cavity in which the mediastinum is located.

Heart

The organ located within the mediastinum.

Dorsal cavity

The cavity in which the heart is not located.

Lung

The organ located in the ventral cavity and thoracic cavity but not in the mediastinum.

Ventral cavities: thoracic, vertebral

An incorrect group in the context of body cavities.

Cavities: dorsal, ventral

An incorrect group in the context of body cavities.

Ventral cavities: thoracic, abdominopelvic, cranial

An incorrect group in the context of body cavities.

Closer to the elbow than to the axillary area

Describes the distal humerus (arm bone).

Closer to the inguinal area than to the umbilical area

Describes the proximal end of the thigh bone (femur).

Inferior

The relationship of the lung to the head, given the lung is in the thoracic cavity.

Sternal area

Superior to the umbilicus.

Cranial cavity

The cavity in which the heart is not located.

Mediastinum

The cavity in which the lungs are not located (specifically within it).

It contains the brain and spinal cord

True of the dorsal cavity.

Breastbone area

Description of the sternal area.

Thoracic cavity

Descriptive of the mediastinum.

Splits the body into right and left

Description of the sagittal plane.

Midepigastric

Least descriptive of the occipital area.

Neck

The site of pain indicated by severe cervical pain.

Inferior to the sternal area

Description of the LUQ.

Subscapular

Describes pain located immediately below the shoulder blade.

Scapular

Superior to the lumbar region.

Right iliac region

The area involved surgically for a right inguinal hernia.

Walks

The activity most likely to cause pain on the first postoperative day after right inguinal hernia repair.

RUQ

The quadrant where the physician would palpate for an enlarged liver two fingers below the costal margin.

The pain originates behind the breastbone and radiates to the left armpit area

Restatement of substernal pain radiating to the left axillary region.

High abdominal pain, radiating to below the right shoulder blade area

Best describes midepigastric pain radiating to the right subscapular region, typical of gallbladder disease.

Transverse plane

The plane that preserves an upper and lower half of the body.

All are correct

Structures contained in the ventral cavity.

The proximal thigh bone is closer to the hip than to the knee

A true statement regarding anatomical proximity.

The distal shin bone (tibia) is closer to the ankle than to the knee

A true statement regarding anatomical proximity.

On the inner thigh region

Location of the medial thigh.

Hypochondriac

Term referring to “beneath the ribs”.

The organs of the body

The term viscera refers to this.

Dorsal cavity

The posterior cavity, in contrast to the ventral (anterior) cavity.

Located near the tailbone

Description of the caudal part of the spinal cord.

RLQ

The quadrant that includes the right iliac region.

Located near the nose

The location of the medial canthus (corner) of the eye.

The bottom of the foot

Description of the plantar region.

Caudal, cephalic

Two words that are directional “opposites”.

Lower extremities areas

What pedal, patellar, popliteal, and plantar terms refer to.

Flank

Term referring to the area along the lateral trunk between the ribs and the hip bones.

Head

The structures buccal, oral, and orbital refer to.

Lumbar

The word associated with lower back pain.

Electrons

Located in the orbits surrounding the nucleus.

pH

A measurement of hydrogen ion concentration [H+].

Covalent bonding

Refers to the sharing of electrons.

Carbon

The element that must be present for a substance to be classified as organic.

Positively charged ion

Description of a cation.

Chloride ion

An example of an anion.

Anion

The kind of ion that would have 8 protons in its nucleus and 9 electrons in its orbits.

An anion carries a negative charge

True of an anion.

Electrolyte

NaCl, table salt, is called a(n) .

Ionization

The process that refers to the dissociation of NaCl into Na+ and Cl–.

Electrolyte → cation + anion

Describes the chemical reaction of NaCl dissociation.

HCO3 –

Anion that is important in acid–base regulation.

Weak or strong

How bases can be classified.

HCO3 –

Represents bicarbonate, an anion that is important in acid–base regulation.

Water

The universal solvent.

Hydrogen ion concentration

[H+] refers to this.

Carbon dioxide

A waste product of cellular metabolism.

Catalyst

Increases the speed of a chemical reaction but is itself not used up.

ATP

The energy-transferring molecule.

An enzyme

Acts as a catalyst.

Loses 2 electrons

How Fe2+ is formed when iron.

It is a cation

True of Na+.

A polar molecule

Carries a lopsided charge.

Mg(OH)2 + HCl → MgCl2 + H2O

Illustrates antacid activity.

Trace elements

Zinc, selenium, cobalt, and iodine are all .

Cation

Iron can be a(n) .

Water

Described by one atom of oxygen bonding covalently with two atoms of hydrogen.

Is acidic

Description of a solution that has a pH of 6.8.

The [H+] of the solution will increase

What happens when HCl is added to a solution with a pH of 7.45.

7.00

The pH considered neutral.

Is alkaline

Description of blood given its pH range of 7.35 to 7.45.