chapter 5 - bones

bone

functions in internal support, protection, muscle attachment, blood production, and salt storage

red bone marrow

blood cells

yellow bone marrow

adipocytes

lamellae

rings around central opening

osteocytes

mature bone cells, housed in lacuna

osteon

one unit of bone

osteonic canal (central canal)

center portion, blood vessels are found here

canaliculi

structures that allow the spread of nutrients through the bone, return waste to the blood vessels and allow for communication

extension of the osteocyte that passes through the matrix

tendons

connect bone to muscle l

ligaments

connect bone to bone

appositional growth

“growth at the surface”

perichondrium→ mesenchymal cells form inner layer of perichondrium→ chondrogenic cells come together and become chondroblasts→ condroblasts secrete matrix and forces individual cells apart→ chondrocytes become enclosed

interstitial growth

“growth from within”

chondrocytes become enclosed in the matrix and divide, matrix is formed as they move apart

diaphysis

shaft

epiphysis

one end of a long bone

metaphysis

growth plate region

articular cartilage

over joint surfaces, acts as friction and shock absorber

medullary cavity

marrow cavity

osseous tissue

a supportive connective tissue, contains specialized cells, solid matrix with protein fibers, salts and water

osteogenic

mesenchymal cells: only cells that can divide

differentiate to osetoblasts when needed to fix a broken bone

osteoblasts

secrete osteoid, common in growing bone, an increase in osteoblast activity will result in stronger bone

osteocytes

mature cells that nourish and keep bone healthy

osteoclasts

involved in osteolysis (bone chewing)

increase oesteoclast activity results in weaker bone