English10 Q2

Communication

A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, and behavior

Thought Provoking

Causing a person to think, stimulating careful consideration or attention

Communication

A process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, and behavior

Thought Provoking

Causing a person to think, stimulating careful consideration or attention

Body Language

Gestures, movements, and mannerisms by which a person or animal communicates with others

Sensible

Having, using, or showing good sense or sound judgment

Ambush Interview

Has not been prearranged, whose purpose is to catch the interviewee off guard

Public Speaking

A process, an act, and an art of speaking before an audience. Varied ways/methods of speech delivery

Manuscript/Prepared Speech

Speaker is given the topic beforehand, has time to research the topic, can rehearse/practice, speaker reads it word for word. In this method, the speaker will not miss anything

Impromptu

Speaker is given little to no time to prepare, usually in ambush interviews or other gatherings where you are requested to speak in the group

Tips & Techniques in Public Speaking

Body language

Remain Calm

Let your body mirror your feelings

Build self-confidence by being yourself

Plan Ahead

Facial Expression

Eye Contact

Modulation

Appearance

Body language

the process of nonverbal communication through conscious & unconscious gestures and movements

Remain calm

no one is exempted from feeling nervous when you are about to deliver a speech

Let your body mirror your feelings

to become an effective speaker, it is essential that you show your true feelings with your audience

Build self-confidence by being yourself

the most important rule for making your body communicate effectively is to be yourself

Plan Ahead

This knowledge leads to self-confidence, which is a vital ingredient of effective public speaking

Facial Expression

A speaker realizes that appropriate facial expressions are an important part of effective communication. In fact, facial expressions are often the key determinant of the meaning behind the message

Eye Contact

Can also help to overcome nervousness by making your audience a known quantity

Modulation

One of the most powerful weapons in speech - pronunciation stress, speed, intonation, junction

Your Appearance Matters

Dress comfortably but appropriately - our culture is obsessed with appearance

Exposition Text

Persuades by presenting one side of the argument by taking a point of view and justifying it

Structure

Begins with an introductory statement of position, giving the author's opinion. Next is a series of logical arguments that convince the audience of the position. The conclusion ties it all together by reinforcing or summarizing the position

Language Features of Exposition Text

Word chains of synonyms and antonyms, word families of general nouns , Conjunctions, Abstract nouns, and technical words

Organizational Pattern

Description, sequence, comparison, cause and effect, problem & solution

Description

The author describes a topic by listing characteristics, features, and examples

Sequence

The author lists items or events in numerical or chronological order

Comparison

The author explains how two or more things are alike and/or how they are different

Cause and Effect

The author lists one or more causes and the resulting effects

Problem and Solution

The author states a problem and lists one or more solutions for the problem

Discussion Text

Presents differing opinions, viewpoints, or perspectives on an issue, enabling the reader to explore different ideas before making an informed decision

Language Features of Discussion Text

Present tense, General nouns, Relating verbs, Expressive adjectives, Adverbs of manner, Connectives, Modality, Word chains, synonyms, antonyms, and repetition

Multimodal text

a text that combines two or more communication modes such as written language, spoken language, visual, audio, gestural, and spatial to create meaning

Semiotic systems

the use of signs and symbols to convey meaning

Linguistic system

the use of words, metaphors, structure, and modes to communicate information

Visual system

the use of color, perspective, vectors, foreground, background, and shapes to express mood, emotion, depth, and focus

Audio system

the use of voice, music, and sound effects to enhance the message

Gestural system

the use of behavioral, sensory, body control, emotion, and kinesics to show feeling and atmosphere

Spatial system

the use of ecosystem, geographical, and architectural elements to create the layout and landscape of the text

Space

This gives you the idea of how to balance text and images in your output. Considering the __ would allow you to identify position of text and images for emphasi

Color

Use _ combination that are not invasive to the viewers or readers. Use it to emphasize specific meaning and highlight ideas

Shapes

Look for _ that would be relevant and make sense so it becomes an authentic part of the text

Lines

Different types of _ when used in creating multimodal text, stress a word or a phrase. It also creates divisions among the different parts of the text or create visual patterns

Font

should be easy to read, adds value to your text, helps to perceive information, establishes mood or feeling, determines how the content of your text is understood

How to compose a Mulitmodal text?

1. Apply Visual Concepts

2. Know your purpose

3. Identify your audience

Importance of Multimodal text

1. Improves comprehension

2. Increases motivation and interaction

3. It allows the expression of creativity

Claim of Fact

states a quantifiable assertion or a measurable topic

asserts a stand regarding a debatable ropic

uses evidence

not necessarily a fact

Modal Adverbs

how likely something is to occur

Ways to use conjunctions

1) Adding more to a point already made

2) Writing in lists

3) Putting the same idea in a different way

4) Introducing examples

Passive voice

used when the actor is irrelevant/unkown

Assertion

used to make a declaration or strong belief on a topic, may not necessarily be true

Purpose of writing an Assertion

to convey directly an idea or feeling and to convince the reader to accept the writer's interpretation

Empathic Assertion

used to express empathy or on how a person understands the feelings and emotions of the author

I-Language Assertion

used to express the feeling and preferences of the writer, has 3 parts

Second part of I-Language Assertion

includes the effect/feeling of the writer towards the topic

Claim

the writer's point regarding the topic, and is the central argument/thesis statement of the text

Claim of Value

makes judgements based on standards

argues whether something is good or bad

evaluates from a moral, philosophical, and aesthetic standpoint

Modal Verbs

auxiliary verbs used to express permission, ability, etc

Conjunctions

link ideas and identify the line of reasoning

Rhetorical question

question that doesn't need to be answered, to emphasize an idea

Opinion

a belief that falls short of absolute conviction, involves the speaker's feelings, and can't be proven true

Types of Assertion

1) Basic Assertion

2) Empathic Assertion

3) I-Language Assertion

Basic Assertion

used to express the writer's feelings, beliefs, and opinions directly

First part of I-Language Assertion

accurate information, especially the topic the writer disagrees with

2 Factors before formulating Assertion

1) Determine the type of paper you are going to write, can be formal or informal

2) Determine the type of literary work you are going to examine

Types of Claim

1) Claim of Fact

2) Claim of Value

3) Claim of Policy

Claim of Policy

asserts the implementation of a certain policy

posits the specific solutions to a problem

answer "how" questions

usually uses modals

Language Features of Argumentative Text

Modal Verbs

Adverbs

Emotive Words

Evaluative Language

Conjunctions

Declarative Statements

Rhetorical Questions

Passive Voice

Emotive Words

evoke an emotional response

Evaluative Language

positive or negative language that judges the worth of something

Declarative Sentece

used in making a claim, enumarating reasons, and presenting evidence

Third part of I-Language Assertion

includes the preferences or recommendation of the writer