unit 1: historical background taxonomy

Microbiology

Microbiology

Systematic study of organisms that are too small to be seen by the naked eye

Girolamo Fracastoro

History

• Proposed the so-called Germ Theory

  • diseases are caused by microorganisms/germs

• suggested disease is caused by “invisible living creatures”

Syphilis sive morbus gallicus

History - Girolamo Fracastoro

poem on the “origin of syphilis”

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

History

Father of Protozoology and Bacteriology

“animalcules”

History - Leeuwenhoek

1st person to observe and describe microorganisms and called them as ___

“cavorting specimen” (wee beasties)

History - Leeuwenhoek

his own semen (bruh)

Louis Pasteur

History

Father of Modern Microbiology

Pasteurization

History - Pasteur

process of extending the shelf life of packaged and non-packaged food (milk & fruit juices) by applying mild heat <100C temp.

Spontaneous Generation Theory

History - Pasteur

[DISPROVEN] “Living organisms are derived from nonliving organisms”

Biogenesis

History - Pasteur

A living organism is derived from another living organism

Attenuated (weakened) Vaccines

History - Pasteur

weakened virus by heat or aging

Fermentation

History - Pasteur

chemical breakdown of substances using yeast which will result to effervescence (bubbles) and heat production

Joseph Lister

History

developed the antiseptic system of surgery

carbolic acid/phenol

History - Lister

antiseptic used

bacteriostatic

History - Lister

0.1 to 1% of phenol/carbolic acid

bactericidal

History - Lister

1-2% phenol/carbolic acid

Robert Koch

History

• Postulates

• Discovery of Bacillus anthracis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis

• Culture of bacteria using media

• Use of agar and petri dish in cultivating bacteria

Paul Ehrlich

History

discovered salvarsan to treat syphilis

• synthetic preparation of arsenic

Alexander Fleming

History

• discovered penicillin

Taxonomy

An area of science that deals with the study of 3 distinct but interrelated disciplines (classification, nomenclature, ID/identification)

Polyphasic Taxonomy

Taxonomy based on Genotype, Phenotype, Phylogenetics

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrophotometry

MALDI-TOF MS

Carolus Linnaeus

Taxonomy

Father of Taxonomy

Robert Whittaker

Taxonomy

• Basis: cellular organism and nutritional pattern

• 5 Kingdom System

  • Monera/prokaryotae

  • Fungi

  • Protistae

  • Animalia

  • Plantae

Carl Woese

Taxonomy

• Basis: cellular organization and function

• 3 Domain System

  • Bacteria (prokaryotic)

  • Eukaria (more complex organelles)

  • Archaea (extremophiles)

1. DOMAIN

2. KINGDOM

3. DIVISION or Phylum

4. CLASS

5. ORDER

6. FAMILY

7. TRIBE

8. GENUS

9. SPECIES (EPITHET)

10. SUBSPECIES

Taxonomy

Hierarchy

Strains

Taxonomy - Subspecies

organism population that is differentiated from populations within species

Biovars

Taxonomy - Subspecies

variant prokaryotic strains characterized by biochemical or physiological differences

Serovars

Taxonomy - Subspecies

variation in serological reactions; strains with distinctive antigenic properties

-aceae

Taxonomy - Nomenclature

Family

-ales

Taxonomy - Nomenclature

Order

-eae

Taxonomy - Nomenclature

Tribe