Ch. 16 Hw: The Brain

Which structure automatically adjusts motor activities on the basis of sensory information and memories of learned patterns of movement?

cerebellum

Which structure connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle?

cerebral aqueduct

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine structure found in the brain?

Thalamus

General sensory information on its way to the cerebrum gets processed and relayed by which of the following areas of the brain?

thalamus

Where are the autonomic reflex centers located in the brain for heart rate and breathing?

medulla oblongata

which of the following areas of the brain adjusts the output of other somatic motor centers in the central nervous system?

Cerebellum

Which of the following areas of the brain provides a link between the nervous system and the endocrine system?

hypothalamus

The area of the brain where memory is processed and stored is the __________.

cerebrum

The pia mater is anchored to the surface of the brain by the processes of which glial cells?

astrocytes

the ________ acts as a roof over the cranial blood vessels.

cranial arachnoid mater

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

It does not transport waste products.

Which structure is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid?

choroid plexus

When CSF exits the third ventricle, it then flows to __________.

the cerebral aqueduct

Which of the following is NOT a fold of dura subdividing the cranial cavity?

dural sinuses

There is a constant flow of materials through the blood-brain barrier into the neural interstitial spaces because neurons have a large and constant need for what substance?

glucose

Damage to a choroid plexus would NOT affect __________.

the amount of white blood cells passing through the arachnoid granulations

Which of the following ventricles is found under the corpus callosum?

Lateral ventricles

Which passageway connects the third and fourth ventricles?

Cerebral aqueduct

Identify the passageway found in the spinal cord that is continuous with the ventricles.

Central canal

true or false: Cerebrospinal fluid is produced within the ventricles.

true

True or false: The ventricles are all interconnected.

True

What structure connects the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

Corpus callosum

Which of the following areas form the central core of the brain?

thalamus

Where is the arbor vitae located?

Cerebellum

What part of the corpora quadrigemina is clearly observed in a midsagittal section?

Superior colliculus

Which region of the brain is necessary for consciousness?

Cerebrum

Which part of the diencephalon is connected to the pituitary gland?

Hypothalamus

Which region acts as a relay center for sensory messages ascending to the cerebrum?

Thalamus

Which region of the diencephalon contains the pineal body?

Epithalamus

True or false: The pineal body secretes melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH).

false

The ventricles of the brain are filled with __________.

cerebrospinal fluid

The pons modifies the respiratory movements that are first controlled by which part of the brain?

the medulla oblongata

Which of the following structures secretes antidiuretic hormone?

supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus

The control of feeding reflexes (chewing, swallowing) is a function of which structure(s)?

mammillary bodies

Oxytocin is secreted by which hypothalamic structure(s)?

paraventricular nucleus

The preoptic area regulates body temperature via control of autonomic centers in which brain structure(s)?

hypothalamus

The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to which structure?

pituitary gland

The pineal gland secretes ________.

melatonin

Centers in the ________ adjust and coordinate the activities of autonomic centers in other parts of the brainstem concerned with regulating heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and digestive functions.

hypothalamus

The thalamus __________.

serves as a final relay point for sending sensory information to the cerebral cortex

If a tumor were growing in the hypothalamus, it is possible that you would be able to detect __________.

altered levels of pituitary hormones

The hypothalamus does NOT __________.

process visual information before relaying it to the occipital lobes of the cerebrum

the cerebellum receives proprioceptive information from which structure?

spinal cord

The arbor vitae __________.

contains axons of the Purkinje cells

The primary somatosensory cortex is found in which cerebral structure?

parietal lobe

The occipital lobe contains (the) ________.

visual cortex

In which area is the speech center (Broca's area) usually located?

frontal lobe

The major pathway of communication between the right and left hemispheres is the ________.

corpus callosum

Which of the following is NOT a function of the limbic system?

a. facilitating memory storage and retrieval

b. regulating the control of fine motor movements

c. establishment of emotional states

d. linking the conscious, intellectual functions of the cerebral cortex with the unconscious autonomic areas of the brain

b. regulating the control of fine motor movements

Which ventricles are divided by the septum pellucidum?

Lateral ventricles

What type of tissue makes up the cerebral cortex?

Gray matter

What is the function of white matter?

Transmits messages

True or False: The composition of gray matter includes neuron cell bodies.

true

True or False: White matter has a fatty consistency.

true

True or False: The brain is a solid organ that lacks cavities.

false

Name the membranous encasement surrounding the brain.

Meninges

Which of the following regions cannot be observed superficially?

Diencephalon

Which region of the brain contains gyri and sulci?

Cerebrum

Which of the following landmarks separate the cerebrum from the cerebellum?

Transverse fissure

Which of the following landmarks divides the cerebrum in half?

Longitudinal fissure

The meninges consist of ___  layers.

3

Which of the following is the outer layer of the meninges?

Dura mater

How many regions make up the brain stem?

3

Which area of the brain stem is in contact with the spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata

Which region contains the corpora quadrigemina?

Midbrain

Which ventricle is located within the brain stem?

Fourth ventricle

True or false: The foramen magnum marks the border between the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.

true

True or false: The inferior colliculi are part of the corpora quadrigemina.

true

Henry is writing down answers on an exam, recalling facts that he has studied, that is, he is using memory to retrieve information. Which of the following limbic system structures is Henry using?

hippocampus

Identify cranial nerve I.

Olfactory nerve

Which of the following areas takes visual information from one side of the body and conveys it to the opposite side?

Optic chiasm

Which of the following glands can be observed on the ventral surface of the sheep brain?

Pituitary gland

Which of the following structures attach the pituitary gland to the brain?

Infundibulum

True or false: All three regions of the brain stem can be observed on the ventral surface of the brain.

true

True or false: The cerebellum is present on the ventral surface of the sheep brain.

false

Which of the following is true of someone who has suffered a stroke on the left side of the brain?

They do recognize the face of a close family member but are unable to say the person's name.

If Dr. Taylor's stroke involved a blood clot in a similar location in her right hemisphere instead of her left hemisphere, __________.

her left arm would be paralyzed, but she would retain her language and math skills

The gyrus posterior to the central sulcus contains neurons of __________.

the primary somatosensory cortex

All of the following are examples of neuroplasticity EXCEPT __________.

muscle paralysis following a stroke