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antibodies
globular proteins formed from plasma proteins known as immunoglobins

antibody structure
4 polypeptide chains, 2 heavy and 2 light chains…as well as a variable region…held together by disulfide bridges
variable region
2identical antigen binding sites…different on each antibody molecule
R groups
found in the variable region to provide specificity
production and secretion
by B cells/plasma cells to respond to antigens
antigen
non self or foreign material in the body
constant region
binds to receptors on phagocytes, macrophages and neutrophils…gives the class of antibody
functions of anitbodies
combine with pathogens to prevent cell invasion…attach to flagella to decrease bacterial activity…agglutinate pathogens…burst cell walls by punching holes…coat bacteria easing phagocytosis…neutralise bacterial toxins