Chapter 12 AP Psych Flashcards Set

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Disorder in which intruding, recurring thoughts or obsessions create anxiety that is relieved by performing a repetitive, ritualistic behavior or mental act.

Subjective discomfort

Emotional distress or emotional pain.

Acrophobia

Fear of heights.

Specific phobia

Fear of objects or specific situations or events.

Personality disorder

Disorders in which a person adopts a persistent, rigid, and maladaptive pattern of behavior that interferes with normal social interactions.

Free-floating anxiety

Anxiety that is unrelated to any specific and known cause.

Delusions

False beliefs held by a person who refuses to accept evidence of their falseness.

Magnification

The tendency to interpret situations as far more dangerous, harmful, or important than they actually are.

Manic

Having the quality of excessive excitement, energy, and elation or irritability.

All-or-nothing thinking

The tendency to believe that one’s performance must be perfect or the result will be a total failure.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Disorder in which a person has feelings of dread and impending doom along with physical symptoms of stress lasting 6 months or more.

Claustrophobia

Fear of being in a small, enclosed space.

Stress-vulnerability model

Explanation of disorder that assumes a biological sensitivity to a certain disorder will develop under the right conditions of environmental or emotional stress.

Biological model

Model explaining thinking or behavior as caused by biological changes in the chemical, structural, or genetic systems of the body.

Schizophrenia

Severe disorder in which the person suffers from disordered thinking, bizarre behavior, hallucinations, and inability to distinguish between fantasy and reality.

Social anxiety disorder

Fear of interacting with others or being in social situations leading to negative evaluation.

Affect

A term indicating 'emotion' or 'mood' in psychology.

Bipolar disorder

Periods of mood that range from normal to manic, with or without episodes of depression.

Hallucinations

False sensory perceptions, such as hearing voices that do not exist.

Psychotic

Refers to an individual’s inability to separate what is real and what is fantasy.

Anorexia nervosa

A condition in which a person reduces eating to the point that their body weight is significantly low.

Binge-eating disorder

A condition in which a person overeats on enormous amounts of food but does not purge or use other methods to avoid weight gain.

Major depressive disorder

Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause.

Cultural relativity

The need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which behavior takes place.

Situational context

The social or environmental setting of a person’s behavior.

Acute stress disorder

A disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms lasting for as long as 1 month following the event.

Panic disorder

Disorder in which panic attacks occur more than once and cause persistent worry.

Negative symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are less than normal behavior; for example, poor attention and flat affect.

Positive symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are excesses of behavior; such as hallucinations and delusions.

Sociocultural perspective

Perspective focusing on the influence of social interactions, society, and culture on an individual’s behavior.

Bulimia nervosa

A condition characterized by cycles of bingeing and then using unhealthy methods to prevent weight gain.

Posttraumatic stress disorder

A disorder resulting from exposure to a major stressor, with symptoms lasting for more than 1 month.

Overgeneralization

Distortion of thinking where a person draws broad conclusions based on one incident.

Anxiety

The anticipation of future threat, often associated with worry and muscle tension.

Panic attack

Sudden onset of intense panic with multiple physical symptoms of stress.

Cultural syndromes

Sets of particular symptoms of distress found in particular cultures.

Antisocial personality disorder

Disorder in which a person uses others without regard for their rights and feelings.

Maladaptive

Anything that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses of life.

Dissociative identity disorder

Disorder occurring when a person has two or more distinct personalities.

Agoraphobia

Fear of being in a place from which escape is difficult or impossible.

Minimization

The tendency to give little importance to one’s successes or positive events.

Phobia

An irrational, persistent fear of an object, situation, or social activity.

Biopsychosocial model

Perspective that views abnormal thinking as the result of biological, psychological, social, and cultural forces.

Cognitive psychologists

Psychologists who study the way people think and organize information.

Dependent personality disorder

Personality disorder characterized by clinginess and a need for reassurance.

Paranoid personality disorder

Personality disorder marked by pervasive distrust and suspiciousness.

Psychopathology

The study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunction.

Psychological disorder

Any pattern of behavior that causes significant distress or impairment in functioning.

Anxiety disorders

Class of disorders where the primary symptom is unrealistic anxiety.

Catatonia

Disturbed behavior ranging from immobility to bursts of frantic movement.

Flat affect

A lack of emotional responsiveness.

Mood disorders

Disorders in which mood is severely disturbed.

Borderline personality disorder

Maladaptive personality pattern in which the person is moody, unstable, and self-destructive.

Dissociative disorders

Disorders involving a break in consciousness, memory, or sense of identity.