Ap African American studies

List the two major protections promised to all US citizens, under the Fourteenth Amendment

birthright citizenship and equal protection

What was the primary objective of the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

abolishment of slavery

When first ratified in 1870, what did the 15th Amendment guarantee?

the right to vote for male citizens

What was the ultimate aspiration of the Reconstruction Era?

to reestablish and restore southern states in the union and protect the formerly enslaved

Why were Black Codes enacted during the Reconstruction era?

to restore social controls of earlier slave codes

What was the long-term effect of the revocation of General William T. Sherman's Special Order No. 15?

Immediate integration of African-Americans African Americans were evicted from confiscated lands or shifted into sharecropping contracts

Who profited most from convict leasing in the Southern United States?

Southern Prisons

What was accomplished by instituting Jim Crow laws?

They created separate public spaces for different races

Which of the following is considered a major impact of the Election of 1876?

It ended Reconstruction in the South

Which Supreme Court ruling legally validated racial segregation policies?

Plessy v. Ferguson

The Great Migration of African Americans in the early to mid-20th century was largely a response to which factor?

Jim Crow laws and racial violence in the South

African American Studies scholars refer to the period between the end of

Reconstruction and the beginning of World War II as the...?

nadir

How did Ida B. Wells seek to combat racism and discrimination?

Through journalism and advocacy

Briefly describe ONE effect of the ratification of the 15th Amendment?

black males could vote

Briefly describe TWO ways in which southern legislatures sought to suppress the vote of African Americans during and/or shortly after the Reconstruction era

Poll taxes and literacy tests

Why was the summer of 1919 nicknamed "Red Summer"?

Due to the bloodshed during a proliferation of racial violence

What was the Greenwood district in Tulsa, Oklahoma also known as before the Tulsa Race Riot of May 1921?

Black Wall Street

In which of the following writings does poet Claude McKay, in response to the Tulsa Race Massacre, encourage African Americans to preserve their dignity and fight back against anti-Black violence and discrimination?

"If We Must Die"

What terrible act that occurred in 1955, demonstrates the longevity of lynching as a tactic of white supremacist violence well beyond the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre?

The murder of Emmett Till

What is the 'Veil' concept as argued by Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois in 'The Souls of Black Folks'?

Symbol of African Americans' separation from full participation in American society and struggle for self-improvement due to discrimination

What did Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois argue is the 'double-consciousness' for African-Americans in 'The Souls of Black Folks'?

The internal conflict experienced by

subordinated groups in an oppressive society

Each chapter of The Souls of Black Folk opens with verses of spirituals, which Dr. W.E.B. Du Bois calls...?

sorrow songs

Who is the author of the poem 'We Wear the Mask', which represents the false emotions a person might "wear" in front of other people?

Paul Laurence Dunbar

What philosophy did Booker T. Washington advocate for black economic advancement and independence

Industrial education and training

What did educators and activists call for to promote greater inclusion of Black women in American society?

Women's education and suffrage

Which of the following writings was produced by Nannie Helen Burroughs in 1900 to encourage church leaders to accept the idea of leadership roles for women in the church?

"How the Sisters Are Hindered from Helping"

What did African American literature, poetry, and music, such as the song "Lift Every Voice and Sing," encourage African Americans to do?

Take pride in their heritage and cultural

achievements

Which of the following does Booker T. Washington suggest in "The Atlanta

Exposition Address," at the Atlanta Cotton Exposition in 1895, that led Ida B. Wells to label him an "accommodationist"?

Blacks should remain in the South and focus on industrial education and training before equal rights

Describe at least two ways that Black women promoted the advancement of African Americans

Activism and Journalism (writing literature)

What organization was formed by Black women's clubs and regional federations in 1896?

National Association of Colored Women

Describe two ways in which African Americans promoted the economic stability and well-being of their communities in the early 20th century, that was spurred on by discriminatory policies like Redlining?

Opening their own businesses and founded their own churches/religious organizations - improved the self-sufficiency of their communities

Which establishment is regarded as the pioneering Black Christian denomination in U.S history?

African Methodist Episcopal Church

Why did the Black Church become a political and social center for African Americans in the United States?

It provided a safe space for Black organizing, and cultural expression

Identify at least one unique historical accomplishment of Madame C.J. Walker.

1st woman millionaire in the US

Which of the following HBCUs, founded by the African Methodist Episcopal Church, was the first university fully owned and operated by African Americans?

Wilberforce University

When were the majority of Historically Black Colleges and University's established?

After the American Civil War

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, HBCUs emphasized two education models for learning and professional training across a range of careers; list them both?

Liberal arts and vocational industrial

In which of the following ways did the creation of HBCUs in the United States impact the educational and professional lives of African Americans nationally and

internationally?

Transformed African Americans' access to higher

education and professional training

What was the name of the HBCU student choir that introduced the religious and musical tradition of African American spirituals to the global stage during their international tours?

Fisk Jubilee Singers

What was a primary goal of the New Negro Movement?

To define their own identity and to advocate for

themselves politically

The flourishing of Black literary, artistic, and intellectual life that created a cultural revolution in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s, became known as the...?

Harlem Renaissance

In which of the following ways did African Americans use visual media in the 20th century to enact social change?

To counter racist representations of African

Americans

Describe the 1900 Paris Exposition titled "The Exhibit of American Negros"; you must include the name of the person who created the exhibit and at least one important aspect of the exhibit

W.E.B. Dubois - charts, statistics, and photographs

Some Harlem Renaissance poets explored the relationship between Africa and African American identity and heritage through...?

Personal reflection

Name one major contributor to the Harlem Renaissance from each of the following categories (Literature, Art, and Music)...you must name three people and which of the Categories they represent.

Literature: Zora Neale Hurston; Art: Jacob Lawrence; Music: Billie Holliday/Louis Armstrong

Which of the following explains why New Negro renaissance writers, artists, and educators strove to research and disseminate Black history to Black students?

They believed U.S. schools reinforced the idea

that Black people had made no meaningful

cultural contributions and were thus inferior

Which of the following African American educators became the founder of what is now the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH), and is credited with creating what is now called Black History Month?

Carter G. Woodson

What school, that began in the late 18th century, provided an education to the children of enslaved and free Black people in New York, and helped prepare early Black abolitionists for leadership?

The African Free School

What sociologist and activist's research and writings produced some of the earliest sociological surveys of African Americans?

W.E.B. Du Bois

What book by Zora Neale Hurston is considered an example of the use of

Colloquialisms in writing?

Their Eyes Were Watching God

Which of the following were key motivational factors behind the Great Migration?

Environmental factors, such as floods, boll

weevils, and spoiled crops, had left many Black

Southerners impoverished

Which of the following was the most influential African American newspaper in the United States during the period of the Great Migration?

Chicago Defender

Which of the following was a major impact of the Great Migration on the cities that

received a large influx of African Americans?

Racial tensions increased

Describe at least two ways southern whites took drastic steps to keep their Black labor force in the face of massive departures during the Great Migration periods.

Declined pre paid tickets; arrested AAs who were traveling in groups

What African American artist created a series of art titled "The Migration Series," that chronicled African Americans' hopes and challenges during the Great Migration?

Jacob Lawrence

Which of the following describes the reasons for the increase in Black Caribbean migration to the United States during the first half of the 20th century? Select all that apply.

Decline of Caribbean economies during World

War I

Which of the following represent the effects of Afro-Caribbean migration to the U.S. in the early 20th century and the migration's effect on African American communities? Select all that apply.

More than 140,000 Afro-Caribbean immigrants

arrived between 1899 and 1937 & Sparked tensions but also created new blends of

Black culture in the United States

How did Afro-Caribbean intellectuals contribute to the radicalization of Black thought in the 20th century?

By infusing their experiences of Black

empowerment and autonomy into the radical

Black social movements of the time

Who led the largest pan-African movement in African American history as founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)?

Marcus Garvey

What was a major goal of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)?

To unite all Black people

Which of the following movements was led by Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association?

Back-to-Africa

Which of the following describes the impact of Marcus Garvey and the UNIA on political thought throughout the African diaspora?

Inspired African Americans to embrace their

shared African heritage, and self-determination

through separatist Black institutions

According to Marcus Garvey, what was a major goal of the Universal Negro

Improvement Association?

To achieve Black liberation from colonialism

across the African diaspora

What was the name of the UNIA's newspaper cofounded by Marcus Garvey's wife, Amy Ashwood, and circulated in over 40 countries?

Negro World

Which of the following represent the colors of the Pan-African flag created by Marcus Garvey?

Red-Black-Green

What was the name of the UNIA's newspaper cofounded by Marcus Garvey's wife, Amy Ashwood, and circulated in over 40 countries?

Which of the following describes the reasons for the increase in Black Caribbean migration to the United States during the first half of the 20th century? Select all that apply.

Decline of Caribbean economies during World

War I

Which of the following represent the effects of Afro-Caribbean migration to the U.S. in the early 20th century and the migration's effect on African American communities? Select all that apply.