Comprehensive U.S. History: Cold War, Civil Rights, and Modern Politics

What was JFK's approach to foreign policy known as?

Flexible Response

What event involved a failed invasion of Cuba in 1961?

The Bay of Pigs

What major Cold War confrontation occurred in 1962 involving nuclear missiles in Cuba?

The Cuban Missile Crisis

What significant meeting took place in 1961 between JFK and Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev?

The 1961 Vienna Summit

What was JFK's domestic program aimed at improving America called?

The New Frontier

What volunteer program was established by JFK to promote peace and development?

The Peace Corps

What initiative aimed to improve relations and economic development in Latin America?

Alliance for Progress

What book by Michael Harrington highlighted poverty in America?

The Other America

What was the name of Lyndon B. Johnson's domestic policy aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice?

The Great Society

What book by Ralph Nader criticized the auto industry for safety issues?

Unsafe at Any Speed

What Supreme Court decisions are associated with the Warren Court?

Baker v. Carr, Mapp v. Ohio, Gideon v. Wainwright, Escobedo v. Illinois, Miranda v. Arizona

What influential environmental book was written by Rachel Carson?

Silent Spring

What landmark Supreme Court case declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional?

Brown v. Board of Education

What tragic event involving a young African American boy sparked national outrage in 1955?

Emmett Till's murder

What crisis in 1957 involved the integration of Little Rock Central High School?

The Little Rock Crisis

Who were the key figures in the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr.

What organization was founded to coordinate civil rights activities in the South?

SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)

What student-led civil rights organization emerged in the 1960s?

SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee)

What nonviolent protest tactic involved sitting in segregated areas?

Sit-Ins

What were the Freedom Riders known for?

Challenging segregation in interstate bus travel.

Who was the first African American to enroll at the University of Mississippi?

James Meredith

What event in Birmingham in 1963 highlighted racial tensions and police brutality?

The Birmingham Campaign and Bull Connor's response

What famous speech did Martin Luther King Jr. deliver during the 1963 March on Washington?

I Have a Dream Speech

What legislation aimed to end discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

What campaign aimed to increase voter registration among African Americans in the South in 1964?

Freedom Summer

What march in 1965 was a pivotal event for voting rights?

The Selma March

What legislation aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans?

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

Who was a prominent leader of the Nation of Islam advocating for Black empowerment?

Malcolm X

What slogan was associated with Stokely Carmichael and the movement for Black empowerment?

Black Power

What revolutionary group was founded to address issues of racial injustice and police brutality?

The Black Panthers

What year saw the assassinations of Martin Luther King Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy?

1968

What report addressed the causes of civil unrest in America in the late 1960s?

The Kerner Commission Report

What policy aimed to promote equal opportunity in employment and education?

Affirmative Action

Who was the leader of North Vietnam during the Vietnam War?

Ho Chi Minh

What battle marked a significant defeat for the French in Vietnam?

Dien Bien Phu

What theory suggested that the fall of one country to communism would lead to the fall of its neighbors?

The Domino Theory

Who was the leader of South Vietnam during the Vietnam War?

Ngo Dinh Diem

What term refers to the communist guerrilla fighters in South Vietnam?

Viet Cong

What resolution granted President Johnson the authority to escalate U.S. military involvement in Vietnam?

The Tonkin Gulf Resolution

What term describes the public's skepticism about the U.S. government's statements regarding the Vietnam War?

The Credibility Gap

What movement emerged in the 1960s advocating for social change and anti-war sentiments?

The New Left (SDS and FSM)

What terms describe supporters and opponents of the Vietnam War?

Hawks and Doves

What major offensive by North Vietnamese forces in 1968 significantly shifted public opinion on the Vietnam War?

The Tet Offensive

What event in 1968 was marked by chaos and protests during the Democratic National Convention?

The 1968 Democratic Convention

Who won the presidential election of 1968?

Richard Nixon

What policy aimed to withdraw U.S. troops from Vietnam while transferring responsibility to South Vietnamese forces?

Vietnamization

Who was Nixon's National Security Advisor who played a key role in foreign policy?

Henry Kissinger

What massacre of Vietnamese civilians by U.S. soldiers in 1968 raised significant ethical concerns?

The My Lai Massacre

What incident in 1970 involved the shooting of students protesting the Vietnam War at Kent State University?

Kent State Shooting

What secret government documents revealed the truth about U.S. involvement in Vietnam?

The Pentagon Papers

What act was passed to limit the president's power to engage U.S. forces without congressional approval?

The War Powers Act

Who was the labor leader and civil rights activist known for organizing farm workers?

Cesar Chavez

What Native American activist group was founded to address issues facing Indigenous peoples?

A.I.M (American Indian Movement)

What influential book by Betty Friedan sparked the second wave of feminism?

The Feminine Mystique

What organization was founded in 1966 to advocate for women's rights?

N.O.W (National Organization for Women)

Who was a prominent feminist leader and co-founder of Ms. Magazine?

Gloria Steinem

What Supreme Court case legalized abortion in the United States?

Roe v. Wade

Who was a conservative activist known for opposing the Equal Rights Amendment?

Phyllis Schlafly

What cultural movement in the 1960s rejected traditional values and embraced alternative lifestyles?

The Counterculture

What neighborhood in San Francisco became a center for the counterculture movement?

Haight-Ashbury

What peace agreement between Israel and Egypt was brokered by President Carter?

The Camp David Accords of 1978

What crisis involved the seizure of American hostages in Iran in 1979?

The Iran Hostage Crisis

What nuclear accident occurred in Pennsylvania in 1979?

Three Mile Island incident

What political movement emerged in the 1980s advocating for conservative values?

The Moral Majority

What economic policy associated with President Reagan aimed at reducing government intervention?

Reaganomics

What missile defense initiative was proposed by President Reagan?

SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative)

Who was the first woman appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court?

Sandra Day O'Connor

What economic policy involved reducing government regulations on businesses?

Deregulation

Who was the first female vice-presidential candidate for a major party?

Geraldine Ferraro

What policies of the Soviet Union aimed at openness and restructuring were introduced by Gorbachev?

Glasnost and Perestroika

What treaty aimed to eliminate intermediate-range nuclear missiles between the U.S. and the Soviet Union?

The INF Treaty

What military intervention occurred in Grenada in 1983?

The Grenada Invasion

What scandal involved secret U.S. arms sales to Iran to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua?

The Iran-Contra Scandal

What phrase did George H.W. Bush use during his 1988 campaign regarding tax increases?

Read my lips: no new taxes.

Who was the controversial Supreme Court nominee accused of sexual harassment?

Clarence Thomas

What military operation was launched to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation in 1991?

Operation Desert Storm

Who was the independent candidate in the 1992 presidential election known for his focus on fiscal issues?

Ross Perot

What tragic event occurred in Oklahoma City in 1995?

The Oklahoma City Bombing

What trade agreements aimed at reducing tariffs and promoting trade were established in the 1990s?

NAFTA and GATT

What political agenda proposed by Newt Gingrich aimed at reforming government in the 1990s?

Newt's Contract with America

What scandal involved President Clinton and led to his impeachment?

The Monica Lewinsky scandal.

What school shooting in 1999 raised national awareness about gun violence?

Columbine High School shooting.

Who were influential musicians associated with the 1969 Woodstock Festival?

Joan Baez and Bob Dylan.

What event in 1969 was a pivotal moment for LGBTQ+ rights?

The Stonewall Riots.

What policy introduced by Nixon aimed to shift power from the federal government to the states?

Nixon's New Federalism.

What Supreme Court case addressed school desegregation in Charlotte, North Carolina?

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg.

What economic condition characterized the 1970s with stagnant growth and high inflation?

Stagflation.

What conflict in 1973 involved a surprise attack by Arab nations on Israel?

The Yom Kippur War.

What diplomatic strategy aimed at easing tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union during the Cold War?

Détente.

What arms control agreements were signed between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the 1970s?

SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks).

What scandal involved illegal activities by members of Nixon's reelection campaign?

Watergate's CREEP (Committee to Re-elect the President).

Who were the journalists that investigated the Watergate scandal?

Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein.

What recordings revealed conversations in the Oval Office related to the Watergate scandal?

Nixon's Tapes.

What event involved the firing of special prosecutor Archibald Cox during the Watergate scandal?

The Saturday Night Massacre.

What action did President Ford take regarding Nixon after the Watergate scandal?

The Pardon.

What economic policy introduced by Ford aimed to combat inflation?

W.I.N (Whip Inflation Now).

What international agreement aimed at improving relations between Eastern and Western Europe?

The Helsinki Accords.

What incident involved the rescue of a U.S. merchant ship in 1975?

The Mayaguez Affair.

What speech by President Carter addressed the national crisis of confidence in the late 1970s?

Carter's Malaise Speech.

What Supreme Court case addressed affirmative action in college admissions?

The Bakke Case.