Periodic Table Element Names and Symbols

Hydrogen

H

Helium

He

Lithium

Li

Beryllium

Be

Boron

B

Carbon

C

Nitrogen

N

Oxygen

O

Fluorine

F

Neon

Ne

Sodium

Na

Magnesium

Mg

Aluminum

Al

Silicon

Si

Phosphorus

P

Sulfur

S

Chlorine

Cl

Argon

Ar

Potassium

K

Calcium

Ca

Vanadium

V

Chromium

Cr

Manganese

Mn

Iron

Fe

Cobalt

Co

Nickel

Ni

Copper

Cu

Zinc

Zn

Arsenic

As

Selenium

Se

Bromine

Br

Krypton

Kr

Rubidium

Rb

Strontium

Sr

Silver

Ag

Cadmium

Cd

Tin

Sn

Iodine

I

Xenon

Xe

Cesium

Cs

Barium

Ba

Tungsten

W

Platinum

Pt

Gold

Au

Mercury

Hg

Lead

Pb

Bismuth

Bi

Radon

Rn

Francium

Fr

Radium

Ra

Uranium

U

Plutonium

Pu

Matter Def

anything that occupies space and has mass (composed of atoms)

Ex. of matter

steel, water, wood, air, dust

Atoms

submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental building blocks of matter (atoms bond to form molecules)

Molecules

two or more atoms joined to one another in specific geometric arrangement

Solid

atoms or molecules pack close to each other in fixed locations, atoms vibrate but don’t move around eachother

Crystalline Solid

atoms or molecules arrange in geometric patterns with long-range, repeating order

Ex. Crystalline Solid

salt and diamond

Amorphous Solid

atoms or molecules do not have long-range order

Ex. Amorphous Solid

glass, rubber, and plastic

Liquid

atoms or molecules are close to each other but they are free to move around, fixed volume bc their atoms or molecules are in close contact, assume the shape of their container bc atoms or molecules are free to move relative to one another

Liquid ex.

water, gasoline, alcohol, and mercury

Gas

atoms or molecules are separated by large distances and are free to move, atoms or molecules that compose gases are not in contact with each other so gases are compressible, always assume the shape and volume of their containers

Gas ex.

oxygen, helium, and carbon dioxide

pure substance

element or compound, composed of only one type of atom or molecule

mixture

homogeneous or heterogeneous, composed of two or more different types of atoms or molecules combined in variable proportions

homogeneous mixture

salt water, coffee, air (composition is the same)

heterogeneous mixture

oil and water, orange juice with pulp, gas and water (composition varies)

element

a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances, all elements are in the periodic table

element ex.

carbon, copper, hydrogen

compound

a substance composed of two or more elements in fixed definite proportions, composed of different atoms that are chemically united (bonded)

compound ex.

glucose, table salt, water

Properties

characteristics that distinguish one substance from another

physical property

one that a substance displays without changing its comp.

intensive physical property

physical prop that does not depend on the amount of the substance (color)

extensive physical property

physical prop that depends on the amount of substance (mass+volume)

physical property ex.

odor or color

chemical property

one that a substance displays only through changing its comp.

chemical property ex

when something can burn/combustion

physical change

matter changes its appearance but not its comp (boiling, melting, crushing)

chemical change

matter changes its comp (chemical reaction)

chemical reaction

one or more substances transform into different substances via a chemical change, emit or absorb energy

reactants

an initial substance in a chemical reaction, left side of an equation

product

a final substance produced in a chemical reaction, right side of an equation

decanting

a way to separate a mixture in which one layer is carefully poured off of another layer

distillation

a way to separate mixtures in which the mixture is heated to boil off the more volatile component

Volatile

tending to vaporize quickly

filtration

a method of separating a mixture composed of a solid and a liquid in which the mixture is poured through filter paper held in a funnel to capture the solid component

Law of conservation of Mass

matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction

precipitate

solid that forms during a chemical reaction

1 Mm

1×10^6 m

1 km

1000 m

1 m

10 dm

1 m

100 cm

1 m

1000 mm

1 m

1×10^6 micrometers

1 m

1×10^9 nm