Intro to Criminal Justice (CRJU1100) : Final Exam (Chapters 1-7)

This is the final exam for Jon Hager's class. This study set is based off of the quizzes (1-7) that we have taken for his class. It would be up chapter 8 but we did not have time to review them.

What model posits the idea that when a group comes together to form a society **there will be differences within the group**—i.e., age, race, and socioeconomic differences—that will make it **difficult** to come to an agreement about what it **constitutes a crime**?

Conflict Model

What model posits the idea that when a group comes together to form a society, they will have **mutually shared values and norms** and will come to an **agreement** about **what is a crime**?

Consensus Model

What type of criminal offense is punishable by **jail time for up to one year** and/or a **fine**?

Misdemeanor

What is the next step in the criminal justice process **after** a **guilty verdict**?

Sentencing

All part of the courtroom work group **except**...

Media

What is the term for when a jury is **unable to agree on a unanimous decision** regarding the **guilt of innocence** of a defendant?

Hung Jury

What model of the criminal justice system focuses on **controlling crime** and **protecting the public** in the most efficient way?

Crime Control Model

What needs to exist to **legally arrest** an individual?

Probable Cause

What department within the executive branch of the federal government is designed to **enforce the laws of the United States**?

DOJ (Department of Justice)

What model of the criminal justice system focuses on **protecting the rights of the accused**?

Due Process Model

What theory of punishment based upon the premise that in order for any punishment to be effective it must be **swift, severe, and certain**?

Deterrence Theory

What Theory proposes the use of **mediation, love, respect, and forgiveness** to **resolve societal conflicts** and **reduce recidivism and crime**?

Peacemaking

What school of thought placed the **responsibility for behavior** on the **offender**?

Classical School

What are behaviors considered **outside** **of** or **inconsistent with normal behavior** for a community or group?

Deviance

What is the name for the data collection program asking participants to report the number of **criminal offenses** or **activities they have committed**?

Self-Report Survey

What theory contends that the more strongly individuals are bonded to their community, the less likely they are to participate in delinquent activity?

Social Control Theory

What is the name give for the specialized body of work in urban sociology that made use of the city of Chicago to study alcoholism, homelessness, suicide, psychoses, and poverty?

Chicago School

Crime is most common during what period of life of an offender?

20s and 30s

All of the following are drawbacks for NCVS except...

Record data at the individual level for personal crimes

What theories identify the most powerful elements to other theories and combine two or more of them into one explanation?

Integrated

Integrated

What did the case of Escobedo v. Illinois establish?

The right to an attorney

What is the term for police officers who are more aggressive in their illegal behavior and actively search for ways to make money illegally while on duty

Meat Eaters

In the video, Policing the Police, what police department was under investigation by the DOJ due to misconduct

Newark PD

What method of policing emphasizes community participation in police decision-making and police officer participation in community activities?

Community Policing

All of these are examples of local police departments **except**...

Georgia State Patrol

What is the oldest federal law enforcement agency in the United States?

U.S. Marshal

What is the term for the abuse of police authority for personal gain?

Corruption

What is the first level of the use of force continuum?

Officer Presence

What is the term for a group of residents temporarily enlisted by law enforcement agencies to assist in law enforcement functions?

Posse

What is the term for groups in the South in the Colonial Era focusing on regulating the activities of slaves?

Slave Patrol

What was the name of the black male (first and last name) who was beat by LAPD in 1991?

Rodney King

What style of policing emphasizes on assisting the community rather than arrest offenders?

Service

What style of policing emphasizes strict enforcement of the law and the use of arrests to resolve disputes in the community?

Legalistic

What type of policing approach tries to understand the underlying causes of crime?

Problem-Oriented Policing

What did the case of Terry v. Ohio establish?

Allows for a stop and frisk as a result of reasonable suspicion

What is the systematic collection and analysis of crime data?

Crime Analysis

What is the autonomy a police officer has to choose from a variety of courses of action in various situations?

Discretion

What is the term related to how the police decide which laws they wish to enforce and when they choose to enforce them

Selective Enforcement

What is considered the backbone of policing?

Patrol

What is the name of an agreement between the public and government in which the public allows the government to provide safety and security

Social Contract

What was the name of the State School in New York that had deplorable conditions for the mentally retarded?

Willowbrook

What is the state of mind at the time of a criminal act?

Mens Rea

What is an act in violation of criminal law?

Actus Reus

What is judicial precedent that courts use as guide for future decision making?

Case Law

All of the following are methods used to determine the sanity of a defendant except...

Insanity Defense

What is the name for the type of defense that alleges that actions taken by the prosecutor demonstrates a prejudice toward the rights of the defendant?

Prosecutorial Misconduct

What State Department of Corrections is known to have the gold standard for treating the mentally ill in prisons?

Ohio

What is a set of rules that defines offenses and punishments against society or the state?

Criminal Law

What is a written law passed by a legislative body?

Statute

What type of law regulates the government's ability to control the activities of businesses, industries, and individuals.?

Administrative Law

What is the term for a person charged with a crime?

Defendant

What is the name for the type of trial with no jury and only a judge?

Bench Trial

What is the name for the law enforcement officer assigned to a particular courtroom to assist the judge and courtroom staff in keeping the peace within the courtroom?

Bailiff

What case led to the establishment of a public defender system in the courts

Gideon v. Wainwright

What is the first stage of a criminal trial?

Opening Statements

What is the court of last resort at the State level?

State Supreme Court

What is the term for the power of the federal judiciary to overturn any legislation or other governmental action ruled inconsistent with the Constitution, Bill of Rights, or federal law?

Judicial Review

What is the term for the attorney, representing the state, who argues the criminal case against the defendant?

Prosecutor

What is the name for the person who uses a shorthand typewriter to record everything that occurs or is said during a court hearing?

Court Reporter

What court case established the precedent for judicial review?

Marbury v. Madison

What type of sentence for a specific criminal act that is determined by the state legislature; requires a specific amount of time?

Determinate

What is the most common method for execution available in the U.S.?

Lethal Injection

What is the name for the strictest type of probation requiring regular meetings with a probation officer and frequent drug tests?

ISP

What type of circumstances go above and beyond the basic requirements for a crime?

Aggravating

What type of punishment requires the offender to repay the victim for the harm that was caused

Restitution

What type of sentence included a short time of incarceration for exposure to life in prison and then placed in the community to serve the remainder of their sentence?

Shock Probation

What is the philosophy of punishment that is based on the idea that the offender's behavior can and will change through treatment programs?

Rehabilitation

What type of justice attempts to make the victim "whole" again?

Restorative

What is unpaid labor or service to the community as an intermediate sanction ordered by the court?

Community Service

What type of prison sentence consists of range of years?

Indeterminate