Progressive Era Reforms and Key Legislation: U.S. History Quiz

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40 Terms

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Beliefs of Progressives

Wanted government to fix problems caused by industrialization, corruption, and poor working conditions.

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Efficiency Progressives

Used scientific management to make government and businesses work faster and better.

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Northern Securities v. U.S.

Supreme Court case where Roosevelt broke up a railroad monopoly; proved government could regulate big business.

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Wisconsin / "Laboratory of Democracy"

Governor Robert La Follette's reforms like direct primary and regulation of business became models for other states.

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Alice Paul and Suffrage

Leader of National Woman's Party; fought for women's right to vote (19th Amendment).

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Socialists

Wanted government ownership of major industries and more equality.

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ICC in 1920

Interstate Commerce Commission strengthened to regulate railroads and transportation.

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TR's Warning to Taft

Warned Taft not to abandon Progressive reforms or side with conservatives.

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TR vs. Taft in 1912

Roosevelt ran against Taft (Bull Moose Party); split vote let Wilson win.

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Underwood Tariff

Lowered tariffs; added income tax (16th Amendment).

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Scientific Management

Frederick Taylor's system to improve efficiency and reduce waste.

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Direct Primary

Voters, not party leaders, choose candidates for elections.

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TR & Coal Miners' Strike

Roosevelt acted as neutral mediator; helped workers get fair treatment.

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Original Election of Senators

Before 17th Amendment, senators were chosen by state legislatures.

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Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Factory fire killed 146 women; led to safer workplace laws.

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U.S. Steel Deal

Roosevelt allowed U.S. Steel merger; Taft later sued, angering Roosevelt.

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Laissez-Faire Argument for Land

Businesses wanted no government control; Roosevelt pushed conservation.

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Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Barely lowered tariffs; upset Progressives and hurt Taft's image.

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Roosevelt's Belief on Taft

Thought Taft betrayed Progressive ideals and reforms.

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Wilson's Belief on Tariff

Believed high tariffs hurt consumers; supported lower tariffs.

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Muckrakers' Belief on Work

Exposed corruption to inspire reform (Tarbell, Sinclair, Steffens).

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Progressives

Reformers who wanted to solve problems through active government and democracy.

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Cure for Problems of Democracy

More democracy—initiative, referendum, recall, and direct election.

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Reason Roosevelt Ran (1912)

Felt Taft ruined reforms; created Bull Moose Party to continue them.

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Commission Plan

City run by experts instead of politicians.

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Referendum

Voters approve or reject laws directly.

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Muckraker

Journalist exposing corruption and social issues.

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Workers' Compensation

Required pay for job-related injuries.

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Initiative

Citizens propose laws directly.

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Temperance

Movement to ban alcohol; led to Prohibition.

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Richard A. Ballinger

Taft's Interior Secretary; sold public land, angering Progressives.

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Ida Tarbell

Muckraker who exposed Standard Oil's unfair practices.

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Children's Bureau

Government agency protecting children's welfare and labor rights.

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Meat Inspection Act

Required clean meatpacking and federal inspection.

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Sixteenth Amendment

Allowed federal income tax.

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Wisconsin

First state with Progressive reforms like direct primary.

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Woodrow Wilson

Progressive Democrat; created Federal Reserve and Clayton Antitrust Act.

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Seventeenth Amendment

Direct election of senators by voters.

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Prohibition

Ban on alcohol (18th Amendment).

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Nineteenth Amendment

Gave women the right to vote.