STUDYGUIDE-CH6

The most abundant skeletal cartilage which includes articular, costal, respiratory, and nasal cartilages.

Hyaline cartilage

A type of cartilage that is more flexible than hyaline cartilage, found in the external ear and the epiglottis.

Elastic cartilage

Cartilage located in areas that must withstand pressure or stretch, such as in the knee and intervertebral discs.

Fibrocartilage

Growth that results in outward expansion from the production of cartilage matrix on the outer face of the tissue.

Appositional growth

Growth that results in expansion from within the cartilage matrix due to the division of lacunae-bound chondrocytes.

Interstitial growth

Seven functions of bones

Support, Protection, Anchorage, Mineral storage, Blood cell formation, Triglyceride storage, Hormone production.

Axial skeleton

The part of the skeleton that consists of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Appendicular skeleton

The part of the skeleton that includes the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton.

Long bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide, including all limb bones except patellas and wrist/ankle bones.

Short bones

Cube-shaped bones including carpals, tarsals, and patellas.

Flat bones

Thin, flattened bones including most skull bones, the sternum, scapulae, and ribs.

Irregular bones

Bones with complicated shapes that do not fit into any other class, such as vertebrae and hip bones.

A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds skeletal cartilages.

Perichondrium

Cells that secrete bone matrix.

Osteoblasts

Cells involved in bone resorption.

Osteoclasts

Tissue located in the trabecular cavities of spongy bone, responsible for blood cell formation.

Red bone marrow

Tissue that stores fat, found in the medullary cavity of long bones.

Yellow bone marrow

The region in growing long bones that provides lengthwise growth.

Epiphyseal plate

The process of blood cell formation that occurs within red bone marrow.

Hematopoiesis

Mineral salts, largely calcium phosphates, that account for the hardness and compression resistance of bone.

Hydroxyapatites

The process of bone formation from fibrous connective tissue membranes, resulting in cranial bones and clavicles.

Intramembranous ossification

The process where bone tissue replaces hyaline cartilage, forming all bones below the skull except for the clavicles.

Endochondral ossification