fluency disorders, definitions and ASHA terms, facts

developmental stuttering

what we see in children

neurogenic acquired stuttering

result of neurological damage, damage to cerebellum, brain stem stroke

recovery for neurogenic acquired stuttering

possible

psychogenic acquired stuttering

result of extreme trauma

which fluency disorder is rare

psychogenic acquired stuttering

cluttering

complex, not only fluency but also language disorder

fluent

able to express oneself readily and effortlessly

how rapidly speech sounds can be produced and flow, oral flow of language

fluent

stuttering

an involuntary disorder of fluency that interferes with the forward flow of speech

disruption of flow/oral production of sounds

stuttering

components of stuttering

core behaviors, secondary behaviors, feelings and attitudes

core behaviors

repetitions, prolongations, blocks

repetitions

sound, syllable, word, phrase

prolongations

typically fricatives and glides, articulatory posture is prolonged, airflow is prolonged, longer than its supposed

blocks

articulatory posture but there is a lack of airway, cant get the sound out

secondary behaviors

learned behaviors to escape and get out of a stuttering event or avoid stuttering entirely

example of avoidance

use cake instead of pie because you avoid the stutter sound

example of escape

banging hand on the table to get the sound out

not a deliberate act, some dont even know theyre doing it

secondary behaviors

feelings and attitudes

help make sure there are no negative feelings or attitudes for children about speech and communication and maybe they can overcome the stutter

dysfluencies/stuttering/stammering

refer to events that contain monosyllabic whole-word repetitions, part word repetitions, audible sound prolongations, or silent fixations or blockages which may or may not be accompanied by secondary behaviors

ASHA- fluency

the aspect of speech production referring to the continuity, smoothness, rate and or effort with which phonologic, lexical, morphologic and/or syntactic language units are spoken

ASHA- disfluency

refers to breaks in the continuity of producing phonologic, lexical, morphologic, and/or syntactic language units are spoken

stuttering occurs in all

cultures, languages, occupations, intelligence levels, income groups

research supports that the cause of stuttering is genetic and environment. what is the percentage of each

70% genetic, 30% environment

onset

2-5 years old, 95% before 4 years old, average 33months old

prevalence

current number or cases

what is the prevalence (current number of cases)

1% of the population

incidence

number of people that have ever in their lives, lasting

what is the incidence (number of people that have ever in their lives)

5% of the population

spontaneous recovery

88-91%

male to female ratio

4:1

do males or females experience more spontaneous recovery

females

is there variability in population

significant