interpersonal chpt 12

deception

when a speaker transmits information knowingly and intentionally for the purpose of creating a false belief in the receive

high-stake lies

the consequences of getting caught are severe

forms of fraud, which means they are misrepresentations of facts for the sake of material gain.

ex:

• forging someone’s signature

• inpersonating

• insider trading

• false insurance claims

low-stake lies

consequences of getting caught are comparatively mild. Those lies, sometimes called “white lies,” often serve to avoid embarrassing people and hurting their feeling

elements of deception

1. The sender must know the information is false.

2. The sender must be transmitting the information on purpose.

3. The sender must be attempting to make the receiver believe the information.

needs all 3

you aren’t lying if…

you believe it’s true, or if you don’t intend for others to believe what you’re saying

deception involves the transmission of information, not just the transmission of words

our definition of deception doesn’t mention anything about motive. The reason someone is deceiving another person has nothing to do with whether that person is being deceptive

T, lying is still lying

Interpersonal Deception Is a Common Component of Politeness

make statements that express appreciation and steer clear of offense, even if those statements are misleading

Some Reasons Why People Deceive

benefit the hearer, help u know someone, protect privacy, make u look better, get revenge, hurt for no reason, amusement

Falsification

outright lying—in other words, communicating false information as though it were true

Equivocation

expressing information that is so vague or ambiguous that it creates the impression it has communicated a message it hasn’t actually conveyed.

people’s overall deception detection rate is a function of two factors:

truth accuracy, the percentage of time we judge a truthful statement to be true,

lie accuracy, the percentage of time we judge a deceptive statement to be false

truth bias

Unless we have a reason not to, we tend to believe what other people tell us.

common behaviors during deception

inconsistent

speech errors

increased pitch

eye blinking and pupil dilation (or widening).

fake smiles

minimal movement

showed that people were more accurate at detecting deception by strangers than by friends. In other words, the participants lied more successfully to their friends than they did to strangers. The researchers concluded that the truth bias prevented friends from noticing when they were being deceived.

T

expressive people are better liars

T, be more aware and in better control of their own communication behaviors than unexpressive people and more aware of other people’s behaviors, so they may be more skilled at anticipating a hearer’s suspicion and correcting their behavior to allay those suspicions

Culture Matters, but Only Sometimes

people are in fact much more accurate at detecting deception within cultures than between cultures

Motivation Affects Our Ability to Deceive

motivation impairment effect, maintains that when people are engaged in high-stakes lies, their motivation to succeed will backfire by making their nonverbal performance less believable than normal

Suspicion May Not Improve Deception Detection

interpersonal deception theory: skilled liars can detect when people are suspicious and then adapt their behavior to appear more honest.

Othello error: a listener’s suspicion makes a truthful speaker appear to be lying even though they aren’t.

interactive context

face-to-face or telephone conversation

noninteractive context

such as voice mail or e-mail, may be best because it gives Stan the most control over his message.

If the speaker and the hearer are already friends, however, then the interactivity of the context doesn’t seem to matter.

T