Chapter 11: The Later Middle Ages

AP Euro

Black Death (in Europe)

Outbreak of plague (mostly bubonic) in mid-fourteenth century killing 25 to 50 percent of Europe’s population

(1345-1400)

Pogroms

The worst organized massacre of Jews in Germany during the black plague

(1348-1350)

Scutage

A payment made to a lord in substitution to military service

Third estate

Made up of everyone else — the commoners

Condottieri

Leader or member of a troop of mercenaries

Great Schism

The division or split in church leadership from 1378 to 1417 when there were two, then three popes

Conciliarism

The theory that a general council of the church is higher in authority than the pope

Mysticism

Emphasized an intensely personal feeling of oneness with God

Modern Devotion

A popular mystical movement that emphasized Jesus’s teachings as a way to salvation

Jacquerie

A massive uprising by French peasants in 1358 protesting heavy taxation

Hundred Years’ War

Series of conflicts from 1337 to 1453 in dispute over the right of succession to the French throne

Meister Eckhart

German catholic theologian, philosopher, and mystic

(1260-1328)

Joan of Arc

French peasant girl who led the French army and rallied them against the British

(1412-1431)

Petrarch

One of Europe’s greatest lyric poets

(1304-1374)

Marsiglio of Padua

Wrote Defender of the Peace, denied spiritual authority’s power over temporal authority

(1270-1342)

Canterbury Tales

A group of pilgrims traveling from London to Canterbury to visit the holy shrine of St. Thomas Becket

(1387-1400)

The Golden Bull of 1356

The order of hereditary succession to the position of Holy Roman Emperor

(1356)

Giotto

Italian painter, forerunner to Italian Renaissance

(1267-1337)

Dante

An Italian poet and politician most famous for his Divine Comedy

(1256-1321)

The English Peasants Revolt - 1381

An prominent uprising in 1382 against monarchy’s imposed taxes upon the peasant population

William of Occam

English Franciscan Friar, scholastic philosopher, apologist, and catholic theologian

(1287-1347)