COMPANA LAB 5

monds presentation

Cardiovascular System

organ system responsible for transporting materials

Major parts of cardiovascular system

heart, blood, and blood vessels

Heart

pumps the blood

Arteries

carries blood away from the heart

Veins

carries blood back to the heart

Capillaries

thin vessels for gas exchange

Blood

carries oxygen, nutrients, and wastes

There are ____ chambers in the heart

four

There are ____ atria in the heart (receiving end)

two

There are ____ ventricles (pumping chambers)

two

Valves

ensure blood flows one way

True

True or false:
The left ventricle is stronger because it pumps blood to the whole body, not just the lungs. It has thick, powerful walls to push blood far and fast, while the right ventricle only sends blood to nearby lungs.

Tricuspid Valve

Located between the right atrium and right ventricle

Tricuspid Valve

Prevents backflow from right ventricle to right atrium

Pulmonary Valve

Between right ventricle and pulmonary artery

Pulmonary Valve

Allows blood to exit to lungs; prevents backflow into right ventricle

Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

Between left atrium and left ventricle

Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

Prevents backflow from left ventricle to left atrium

Aortic Valve

Between left ventricle and aorta

Aortic Valve

Allows blood to exit to body; prevents backflow into left ventricle

“Lub”

What sound is made when the mitral and tricuspid valves are closing?

“Dub”

What sound is made when the aortic and pulmonary valves are closing?

Oxygenated Path

Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium → Mitral Valve → Left Ventricle → Aortic Valve → Aorta Body

Deoxygenated Path

Body → Vena Cava → Right Atrium → Tricuspid Valve → Right Ventricle → Pulmonary Valve → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs

Stress hormones

_____ temporarily disrupt heart function in Broken Heart Syndrome (Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy)

Single Circulation

blood goes through the heart once before reaching the body

Single Circulation

circulation found in fish

Double Circulation

Goes through the heart twice in one full cycle

Double circulation

Circulation that is more efficient, delivers oxygen faster and in larger amounts

Double Circulation

Circulation found in amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals

Arteries

Direction of blood is away from the heart

Arteries

Its function is to carry blood under high pressure

Arteries

Wall thickness is thick and muscular

Arteries

Lumen size is narrow

Arteries

Can handle high pressure; no valves (except aorta/pulmonary)

Veins

Direction of blood is toward valve

Veins

Its function is to return blood to the heart

Veins

Wall thickness is thin and less muscular

Veins

Lumen size is wide

Veins

Have valves to prevent backflow; lower pressure

Capillaries

Direction of blood is between arteries and veins

Capillaries

Its function is the exchange of gases, nutrients, waste

Capillaries

Wall thickness is very thin (1 cell thick)

Capillaries

Lumen size is very small

Capillaries

Site of diffusion; one cell can pass at a time

True

True or False:
Your skin absorbs longer red wavelengths and reflects shorter blue wavelengths making the veins appear blue even though the blood inside is not

Blood

made of cells and plasma

Plasma, RBCs, WBCs, and Platelets

Components of blood

Plasma

55% of blood, mostly water, carries nutrients, hormones, and waste

RBCs

Carry oxygen with hemoglobin

WBCs

fight infections

Platelets

help blood clot to stop bleeding

True

True or False:
When standing up too quick, gravity pulls your blood down, so in consequence our brain gets less blood for a moment, making you feel dizzy or lightheaded.

Nervous System

body’s control and communication system

Nervous System

maintains homeostasis (temperature, heartbeat, and digestion)

Olfactory

Cranial nerve-smell

Optic

Cranial nerve-vision

Oculomotor

Cranial nerve- eye movement

Trochlear

Cranial nerve - eye muscle control

Trigeminal

Cranial nerve - face sensation

Abducens

Cranial nerve - lateral eye movement 

Facial

Cranial nerve - facial expression and taste

Vestibulocochlear

Cranial nerve - hearing & balance

Glossopharyngeal 

Cranial nerve - taste & swallowing

Vagus

Cranial nerve - organs of chest & abdomen

Accessory

Cranial nerve - neck and shoulder muscles

Hypoglossal

Cranial nerve- Tongue movement

True

True or False:

More folds equal more surface area for neurons to fit in making information processing better