planetary boundaries
ecological boundaries, essential for stable ecosystem
how many planetary boundaries are there and how many already exceeded
there are 9, 4 already exceeded
environmental economics
3-pillar model of sustainablity(environment, economy and society)
ecological economics
priority model of sustainability
environmental economics uses neoclassical approach
true; it assigns monetary value to enivornmental g/s, uses discounting and tries to correct externalities through more marketization
ecological economics uses multi- and interdisciplinary approach
true; it focuses on distributive issues and strong sustainablity using Socio-Ecological transformation
steady state economy
economy as an open subsystem of a finite ecosystem
UNFCCC
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
COP
Conference of Paties - decision-making body for all nations that are part of UNFCCC
milestones of COP
Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement
NDCs
nationally determined commitments=government plans to meet national emission reduction target from Paris Agreement
mitigation goal of COP
limit global warming to below 2 degree, work to keep 1.5 degree target
finance goal of COP
climate finance: transparency of flows and assets, delivery of annual 100 bil USD by developed nations
adaption goal of COP
adapt to extreme weather events=enhance resilience and assist vulnerable communities
collaboration goal of COP
Inclusive and active participation and adequate representation from all stakeholders; tandem work between governments, the private sector and civil society
was there a positive pattern since COP1
no, emission have grown by 60%; more carbon released in the past 25 years than in preceeding 75 years
what is the current track of temperature rise
at least 2.8°C by 2100
lobbyism in COP
lobbyisst from coal, oil and gas companies are more represented than ten most affectred countries together
criticism of COP
green washing(organizations act more sustainable than they actually are) and business-usual (accessibility, power supply)
history of distribution of wealth has been deeply political and cannot be reduced to economical mechanisms
true; it was shaped by views of economic, social and political actors and their relative power
environmental inequalities
exposure and access, policy effect, impact and policy-making
doughnut economics
framework for a safe and just operating space; combines SDG with planetary boundaries
what does doughnut economics measure
'good life' vs overuse of resources by country
relationship between resource use and social performance has diminishing returns means..
we aim for sufficiency(more is not always better)