[RMT0 12] MIDTERM: Lesson 3 Drugs

Drugs

• A substance that alters body function.

• Many ___, described as over-the-counter (OTC) ___, are available without a signed order, or prescription (Rx).

• Others require a health care provider’s prescription for use.

Anaphylaxis

An extreme allergic reaction that can lead to respiratory distress, circulatory collapse, and death.

Contraindication

A factor that makes the use of a drug undesirable or dangerous.

Brand Name

The trade or proprietary name of a drug, a registered trademark of the manufacturer; written with an initial capital letter.

Generic Name

The nonproprietary name of a drug; that is, a name that is not privately owned or trademarked; usually a simplified version of the chemical name; not capitalized.

Efficacy

The power to produce a specific result; effectiveness.

Potentiation

Increased potency created by two drugs acting together.

Phytomedicine

• Another name for herbal medicine

• - root: phyt/o – meaning: plant

plant

phyt/o

Substance Dependence

A condition that may result from chronic use of a drug, in which a person has a chronic or compulsive need for a drug regardless of its adverse effects.

Prescription (Rx)

Written and signed order for a drug with directions for its administration.

Side Effect

A result of drug therapy or other therapy that is unrelated to or an extension of its intended effect; usually applies to an undesirable effect of treatment.

Tolerance

A condition in which chronic use of a drug results in loss of effectiveness and the dose must be increased to produce the original response.

Withdrawal

A condition that results from abrupt cessation or reduction of a drug that has been used regularly.

Dissolving, reducing, loosening

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• -lytic

• adjective of lysis

blood clot

thrombus

Mimicking, stimulating

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• -mimetic

Acting on

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• -tropic

mind

psych/o

Against

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• anti-

vomiting

emesis

Against, opposite, opposed

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• contra-

Against, opposed

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• counter-

Pain

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• alg/o, algi/o, algesi/o

Chemical

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• chem/o

Sleep

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• hypn/o

Stupor

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• narc/o

Drug, medicine

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• pharm, pharm/o

Fever

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• pyr/o, pyret/o

Poison, toxin

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• tox/o, toxic/o

Vessel

• Word Parts Pertaining to Drugs

• vas/o

By Absorption

• Routes of Drug Administration

  • Absorption

  • Inhalation

  • Instillation

  • Oral

  • Rectal

  • Sublingual (SL)

  • Topical

  • Transdermal

Absorption

• By Absorption

• Drug taken into the circulation through the digestive tract or by transfer across another.

Inhalation

• By Absorption

• Administration through the respiratory system, as by breathing in an aerosol or nebulizer spray

Instillation

• By Absorption

• Liquid is dropped or poured slowly into a body cavity or on the surface of the body, such as into the ear or onto the conjunctiva of the eye

Oral

• By Absorption

• Given by mouth; per os (p.o.)

Rectal

• By Absorption

• Administered by rectal suppository or enema

Sublingual (SL)

• By Absorption

• Administered under the tongue

Topical

• By Absorption

• Applied to the surface of the skin

Transdermal

• By Absorption

• Absorbed through the skin, as from a patch places on the surface of the skin

By Injection

• Routes of Drug Administration

  • Injection

  • Epidural

  • Hypodermoclysis

  • Intradermal (ID)

  • Intramuscular (IM)

  • Intravenous (IV)

  • Spinal (Intrathecal)

  • Subcutaneous (SC)

Injection

• By Injection

• Administered by a needle and syringe; described as parenteral routes of administration

Epidural

• By Injection

• Injected into the space between the meninges (membranes around the spinal cord) and the spine.

Hypodermoclysis

• By Injection

• Administration of a solution by subcutaneous infusion; useful for fluid delivery as an alternative for intravenous infusion.

Intradermal (ID)

• By Injection

• Injected into the skin

Intramuscular (IM)

• By Injection

• Injected into a muscle

Intravenous (IV)

• By Injection

• Injected into a vein

Spinal (Intrathecal)

• By Injection

• Injected through the meninges into the spinal fluid

Subcutaneous (SC)

• By Injection

• Injected beneath the skin; hypodermic

Acetaminophen

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• APAP

Acetylsalicylic Acid (Aspirin)

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• ASA

American Society of Health System Pharmacists

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• ASHP

Capsule

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• cap

Elixir

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• elix

Food and Drug Administration

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• FDA

Isoniazid (Antituberculosis Drug)

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• INH

Medicine(s), medication(s)

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• MED(s)

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• NCCAM

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug(s)

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• NSAID(s)

Office of Dietary Supplements

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• ODS

Over-the-counter

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• OTC

Physician’s Desk Reference

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• PDR

Prescription

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• Rx

Suppository

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• supp

Suspension

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• susp

Tablet

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• tab

Tincture

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• tinct

Ointment

• Drugs and Drug Formulation

• ung

before meals

• Latin Abbreviations

• a.c.

• ante cibum

right ear

• Latin Abbreviations

• a.d., ad, AD

• auris dextra

morning

• Latin Abbreviations

• a.m., am, AM

• ante meridiem

every night

• Latin Abbreviations

• nocte

• omne nocte

left ear

• Latin Abbreviations

• a.s., as, AS

• auris sinistra

twice a day / twice daily / 2 times daily

• Latin Abbreviations

• b.i.d./bid, /bed, /BID

• bis in die

At bedtime or half strength

• Latin Abbreviations

• h.s/ hs

• hora somni

nothing by mouth / not by oral administration

• Latin Abbreviations

• NPO

• nil per os

once a day

• Latin Abbreviations

• qd

• omne in die

after food

• Latin Abbreviations

• p.c.

• post cibum

orally / by mouth / oral administration

• Latin Abbreviations

• p.o., po, PO

• per os / nonstandard form per ore

as needed

• Latin Abbreviations

• p.r.n., prn, PRN

• pro re nata

every

• Latin Abbreviations

• q.

• quaque

every hour

• Latin Abbreviations

• q.1.h., q1h

• quaque hora

every 2 hours

• Latin Abbreviations

• q.2.h., q2h

• quaque secunda hora

every 4 hours

• Latin Abbreviations

• q.4.h., q4h

• quaque quarta hora

every morning

• Latin Abbreviations

• q.a.m., qAM, qam

• quaque ante meridiem

every day / daily

• Latin Abbreviations

• q.d., qd

• quaque die

every night at bedtime

• Latin Abbreviations

• q.h.s., qhs

• quaque hora somni

4 times a day

• Latin Abbreviations

• q.d.s, qds, QDS

• quater die sumendum

4 times a day

• Latin Abbreviations

• q.i.d, qid

• quater in die

every hour, hourly

• Latin Abbreviations

• q.h., qh

• quaque hora

prescription

• Latin Abbreviations

• Rx, R_x, ℞

• recipe

directions

• Latin Abbreviations

• Sig., S.

• signa

immediately, with no delay, now

• Latin Abbreviations

• Stat.

• statim

3 times a day

• Latin Abbreviations

• t.i.d., tid, TID

• ter in die

take by mouth 3 times a day

• Latin Abbreviations

• t.d.s., tds,

• ter die sumendus

Body Habitus

• Sthenic

• Hyposthenic

• Asthenic

• Hypersthenic

Sthenic

• Body Habitus

• 50%

Hyposthenic

• Body Habitus

• 35%

Asthenic

• Body Habitus

• 10%

Hypersthenic

• Body Habitus

• 5%