lower limb joints + ligaments

coxofemoral joint

type: ball-and-socket, synovial joint

movement: all planes and axis

articulating surfaces: head of femur, acetabulum
ligaments related:

• iliofemoral ligament

• pubofemoral ligament

• ischiofemoral ligament

• transverse acetabular ligament

• iliopectineal bursa

coxofemoral joint type

type: ball-and-socket, synovial joint

knee joint

type: hinge joint

movement: flexion and extension

articulating surfaces: tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral articulation
ligaments related:

• medial collateral ligament

• lateral collateral ligament

• popliteal ligament

• ACL

• PCL

• fibrous capsule

• patellar ligament

• bursae

• medial meniscus

• lateral meniscus

• arcuate popliteal ligament

knee joint type

type: hinge joint

fibrocartilaginous menisci

importance

• articulation and cushion

• prevent bone-on-bone movement

• force distributor

• medial (medial condyle of femur and tibia)

• lateral (lateral condyle of femur and tibia)

• two of them in the knee

bursae of the knee

sac-like, synovial fluid-filled

importance

• prevent bone-on-bone friction

• allows for smooth movement

• this particular joint has MANY because it is the has the most weight beared on it

ligaments of the hip joint

• transverse acetabular ligament

• ligament of the femoral head (ligamentum capitis femoris)

• pubofemoral ligament

• iliofemoral ligament

• ischiofemoral ligament

• zona orbicularis

ligaments of the knee joint

• arcuate popliteal ligament

• medial (tibial) collateral ligament

• lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

• anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

• posterior cruciate ligament

• medial meniscus

• lateral meniscus

• patellar ligament

ankle joint

type: hinge, synovial

movement: flexion, extension, plantarflexion, dorsiflexion

articulating surfaces: tibia, fibula, talus
ligaments related:

• fibrous joint capsule

• medial collateral deltoid ligament

• lateral collateral ligament

ankle joint type

type: hinge, synovial

medial collateral ligament of ankle (deltoid)

• Anterior tibiotalar ligament

• Posterior tibiotalar ligament

• Tibionavicular ligament

• Tibiocalcaneal ligament

lateral collateral ligament

• Anterior talofibular ligament

• Posterior talofibular ligament

• Calcaneofibular ligament

proximal tibiofibular joint

type: plane, synovial, gliding

articulating surfaces: lateral tibial condyle - head of fibula

ligaments related:

• anterior tibiofibular ligament

• posterior tibiofibular ligament

• fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

• biceps femoris tendon

• interosseous

• popliteus muscle

proximal tibiofibular joint type

type: plane, synovial, gliding

distal tibiofibular joint

type: syndemosis/fibrous joint

articulating surfaces: fibular notch (on tibia) to distal tibial end

ligaments related:

• anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

• posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

• inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament

• interosseous ligament

distal tibiofibular joint type

type: syndemosis/fibrous joint

subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

type: planar, synovial joint

movements: inversion and eversion

articulating surfaces: talus, calcaneus

ligaments related:

• fibrous capsule

• medial and lateral collaterals

• interosseous

• posterior talocalcaneal ligaments

subtalar joint type

type: planar, synovial joint

talocalcaneonavicular joint

type: ball-and-socket

movements: gliding and rotation

articulating surfaces: talus, calcaneus, navicular

ligaments related:

• fibrous capsule

• interosseous talocalcaneal

• dorsal talonavicular

• plantar calcaneonavicular or spring ligament

• bifurcate ligament

talocalcaneonavicular joint type

type: ball-and-socket

calcaneocuboid joint

type: saddle, synovial

movements: inversion, eversion, circumduction

articulating surfaces: calcaneus and cuboid

ligaments related:

• dorsal and plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

• long plantar ligament

• bifurcate ligament

calcaneocuboid joint type

type: saddle, synovial

tarsometatarsal joints

type: gliding, slightly arthrodial

movements: dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, eversion, inversion (slightly)

articulating surfaces: cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsals

ligaments related:

• dorsal, plantar, and interosseous ligaments

tarsometatarsal joints type

type: gliding, slightly arthrodial

metatarsophalangeal joint

type: condyloid joint, synovial
movement: dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, abduction, circumduction, adduction

articulating surface: heads of metatarsals and base of proximal phalanges
ligaments related:

• collateral ligaments

• plantar and deep transverse metatarsophalangeal ligaments

• extensor tendons

• articular capsules

metatarsophalangeal joint type

type: condyloid joint, synovial

interphalangeal joints

type: synovial hinge joint

movements: flexion and extension

articulating surfaces: proximal phalanges and bases of middle phalanges, heads of middle phalanges and bases of distal phalanges

ligaments related:

• medial and lateral collateral ligaments

• plantar ligaments

• extensor expansion

interphalangeal joints type

type: synovial hinge joint

intercuneiform and cuneocuboid joints

type: synovial plane joints

movements: inversion, eversion, gliding and sliding movements

articulating surfaces: cuneiform bones and cuboid

ligaments related:

• dorsal cuneiform ligaments

• plantar cuneiform ligaments

• interosseous ligaments

intercuneiform and cuneocuboid joints type

type: synovial plane joints

intermetatarsal joints

type: plane synovial joint

movements: gliding movements

articulating surfaces: between second and fifth metatarsal bones

ligaments related: intermetatarsal interosseous ligaments

intermetatarsal joints type

type: plane synovial joint

cuboideonavicular joint

type: synovial plane joint

movements: limited gliding

articulating surfaces: cuboid and navicular bones

ligaments related: dorsal and plantar cuboideonavicular ligaments, interosseous ligament

cuboideonavicular joint type

type: synovial plane joint

naviculocuneiform joint

type: synovial plane joint

movements: limited gliding

articulating surfaces: navicular and cuneiform bones

ligaments related: dorsal and plantar naviculocuneiform ligaments, interosseous ligament

naviculocuneiform joint type

type: synovial plane joint

joints of the foot

• subtalar/talocalcaneal joint

• distal tibiofibular joint

• talocalcaneonavicular joint

• calcaneocuboid joint

• naviculocuneiform joint

• cuboideonavicular joint

• intercuneiform and cuneocuboid joints

• tarsometatarsal joints

• intermetatarsal joints

• metatarsophalangeal joints

• interphalangeal joints

the plane/gliding joint type is.

the type for

• proximal tibiofibular joint

• subtalar

• tarsometatarsal

• intercuneiform

• cuneocuboid

• intermetatarsal

• cuboidneonavicular

• naviculocuneiform

the saddle joint type is

the type for calcaneocuboid

the condyloid type is

the type for metatarsophalangeal

the syndemosis fibrous joint type is

the type for the distal tibiofibular joint

the ball-and-socket joint type is

the joint type for

• talocalceonavicular

• coxafemoral joints

the hinge joint type is

the joint type for

• knee

• ankle

• interphalangeal