lower limb joints + ligaments

coxofemoral joint

type: ball-and-socket, synovial joint

movement: all planes and axis

articulating surfaces: head of femur, acetabulum
ligaments related:

• iliofemoral ligament

• pubofemoral ligament

• ischiofemoral ligament

• transverse acetabular ligament

• iliopectineal bursa

knee joint

type: hinge joint

movement: flexion and extension

articulating surfaces: tibiofemoral joint, patellofemoral articulation
ligaments related:

• medial collateral ligament

• lateral collateral ligament

• popliteal ligament

• ACL

• PCL

• fibrous capsule

• patellar ligament

• bursae

• medial meniscus

• lateral meniscus

• arcuate popliteal ligament

fibrocartilaginous menisci

importance

• articulation and cushion

• prevent bone-on-bone movement

• force distributor

• medial (medial condyle of femur and tibia)

• lateral (lateral condyle of femur and tibia)

• two of them in the knee

bursae of the knee

sac-like, synovial fluid-filled

importance

• prevent bone-on-bone friction

• allows for smooth movement

• this particular joint has MANY because it is the has the most weight beared on it

ligaments of the hip joint

• transverse acetabular ligament

• ligament of the femoral head (ligamentum capitis femoris)

• pubofemoral ligament

• iliofemoral ligament

• ischiofemoral ligament

• zona orbicularis

ligaments of the knee joint

• arcuate popliteal ligament

• medial (tibial) collateral ligament

• lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

• anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

• posterior cruciate ligament

• medial meniscus

• lateral meniscus

• patellar ligament

ankle joint

type: hinge, synovial

movement: flexion, extension, plantarflexion, dorsiflexion

articulating surfaces: tibia, fibula, talus
ligaments related:

• fibrous joint capsule

• medial collateral deltoid ligament

• lateral collateral ligament

medial collateral ligament of ankle (deltoid)

• Anterior tibiotalar ligament

• Posterior tibiotalar ligament

• Tibionavicular ligament

• Tibiocalcaneal ligament

lateral collateral ligament

• Anterior talofibular ligament

• Posterior talofibular ligament

• Calcaneofibular ligament

proximal tibiofibular joint

type: plane, synovial, gliding

articulating surfaces: lateral tibial condyle - head of fibula

ligaments related:

• anterior tibiofibular ligament

• posterior tibiofibular ligament

• fibular (lateral) collateral ligament

• biceps femoris tendon

• interosseous

• popliteus muscle

distal tibiofibular joint

type: syndemosis/fibrous joint

articulating surfaces: fibular notch (on tibia) to distal tibial end

ligaments related:

• anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

• posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament

• inferior transverse tibiofibular ligament

• interosseous ligament

subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint

type: planar, synovial joint

movements: inversion and eversion

articulating surfaces: talus, calcaneus

ligaments related:

• fibrous capsule

• medial and lateral collaterals

• interosseous

• posterior talocalcaneal ligaments

talocalcaneonavicular joint

type: ball-and-socket

movements: gliding and rotation

articulating surfaces: talus, calcaneus, navicular

ligaments related:

• fibrous capsule

• interosseous talocalcaneal

• dorsal talonavicular

• plantar calcaneonavicular or spring ligament

• bifurcate ligament

calcaneocuboid joint

type: saddle, synovial

movements: inversion, eversion, circumduction

articulating surfaces: calcaneus and cuboid

ligaments related:

• dorsal and plantar calcaneocuboid ligament

• long plantar ligament

• bifurcate ligament

tarsometatarsal joints

type: gliding, slightly arthrodial

movements: dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, eversion, inversion (slightly)

articulating surfaces: cuneiforms, cuboid, metatarsals

ligaments related:

• dorsal, plantar, and interosseous ligaments

metatarsophalangeal joint

type: condyloid joint, synovial
movement: dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, abduction, circumduction, adduction

articulating surface: heads of metatarsals and base of proximal phalanges
ligaments related:

• collateral ligaments

• plantar and deep transverse metatarsophalangeal ligaments

• extensor tendons

• articular capsules

interphalangeal joints

type: synovial hinge joint

movements: flexion and extension

articulating surfaces: proximal phalanges and bases of middle phalanges, heads of middle phalanges and bases of distal phalanges

ligaments related:

• medial and lateral collateral ligaments

• plantar ligaments

• extensor expansion

intercuneiform and cuneocuboid joints

type: synovial plane joints

movements: inversion, eversion, gliding and sliding movements

articulating surfaces: cuneiform bones and cuboid

ligaments related:

• dorsal cuneiform ligaments

• plantar cuneiform ligaments

• interosseous ligaments

intermetatarsal joints

type: plane synovial joint

movements: gliding movements

articulating surfaces: between second and fifth metatarsal bones

ligaments related: intermetatarsal interosseous ligaments

cuboideonavicular joint

type: synovial plane joint

movements: limited gliding

articulating surfaces: cuboid and navicular bones

ligaments related: dorsal and plantar cuboideonavicular ligaments, interosseous ligament

naviculocuneiform joint

type: synovial plane joint

movements: limited gliding

articulating surfaces: navicular and cuneiform bones

ligaments related: dorsal and plantar naviculocuneiform ligaments, interosseous ligament

joints of the foot

• subtalar/talocalcaneal joint

• distal tibiofibular joint

• talocalcaneonavicular joint

• calcaneocuboid joint

• naviculocuneiform joint

• cuboideonavicular joint

• intercuneiform and cuneocuboid joints

• tarsometatarsal joints

• intermetatarsal joints

• metatarsophalangeal joints

• interphalangeal joints