Personality Theory: Key Concepts and Stages

These flashcards cover key concepts related to personality development theories, focusing on Erikson's stages, Bandura's cognitive theory, and the Big Five personality traits.

Personality Development

The development of the organized pattern of behaviors and attitudes that makes a person distinctive, occurring through ongoing interactions of temperament, character, and environment.

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

A theory by Erik Erikson describing eight stages of human development, each characterized by a psychological conflict crucial for personal growth.

Trust vs. Mistrust

The first stage of Erikson's theory, occurring in infancy (0-1 year), where a baby learns to trust when caregivers respond to needs.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

The second stage of Erikson's theory, occurring in early childhood (1-3 years), focusing on a child's developing independence and self-control.

Initiative vs. Guilt

The third stage of Erikson's theory, occurring during the play age (3-6 years), where a child takes initiative but may feel guilty if they fail.

Industry vs. Inferiority

The fourth stage of Erikson's theory, occurring in school age (6-12 years), emphasizing the importance of competence in academic and social activities.

Identity vs. Identity Diffusion

The fifth stage of Erikson's theory, occurring during adolescence (12-18 years), where individuals explore their identity, facing confusion without support.

Intimacy vs. Self-Absorption

The sixth stage of Erikson's theory, occurring in early adulthood (18-40 years), where forming intimate relationships is key.

Generativity vs. Stagnation

The seventh stage of Erikson's theory, occurring in adulthood (40-65 years), focusing on contributing to society and helping the next generation.

Integrity vs. Despair

The eighth stage of Erikson's theory, occurring in old age (65 years and up), where reflection on life leads to feelings of fulfillment or regret.

Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory

A theory emphasizing learning through observation and the influence of self-efficacy on behavior.

Observational Learning

Learning by watching the behaviors of others and imitating them, a key concept in Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory.

Self-Efficacy

The belief in one's ability to succeed in specific situations, influencing behavior and persistence in challenges.

Big Five Personality Traits

A model summarizing five major traits that encompass human personality: Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

Openness to Experience

A personality trait related to a person's willingness to try new things and embrace creativity.

Conscientiousness

A personality trait that refers to being organized, responsible, and reliable.

Extraversion

A personality trait characterized by sociability and outgoingness.

Agreeableness

A personality trait involving compassion, cooperativeness, and trust in others.

Neuroticism

A personality trait reflecting emotional instability and the tendency towards stress or anxiety.