Spanish Armada
1588
Cardinal Richelieu
(1585-1642)
Oliver Cromwell
(1599-1658)
Gunpowder Plot
1605
Thirty Years War
(1618-1649)
The Interregnum
(1625-1649)
English Civil War
(1642-1649)
Charles I
(1649-1660)
Bonnie Prince Charlie
(1720-1788)
War of Austrian Succ.
(1740-1748)
Copernicus
(1743-1573)
Robespierre
(1758–1794)
Estates General
1788
Tennis Court Oath
1789
Great Reform Bill
1867
Heliocentric Theory
Offered heliocentric model as construct for predicting planetary movements
Copernicus convinced of heliocentric theory
Forced to retain epicycles for planetary movement
Highlighted harmony in heavenly bodies
Did not answer what made planets move
Edict of Nantes
1st declaration of religious tolerance signed by French King Henry IV (for Protestants) 1598
Isaac Newton
(1643-1727) Born in Grantham
Attends Cambridge 1661, 1667 professor of mathematics, had invented calculus in 1669
Establishes modern physics
The Glorious Revolution
James the II of England is deposed and his daughter, Queen Mary and William Prince of Orange take over
Seven Years War
(1754-1763) Effort to stop it from becoming a global war
France loses colonies
Britain taxes american colonies
Divine Right of Kings
The belief that God dictates who rules, believed in by Charles I
The Terror
(1793-1794)- enacted to get rid of anti-revolution forces, executions of many Girondins; 2,600 people executed in Paris in 1 month and 14,000 people outside of Paris
Frederick the Great
(of Prussia 1740-1786)- enlightened monarch
Improve peasant life and abolish serfdom
Sponsor state industries and writes the Anti-Machiavel
Enact enlightenment policies through autocratic means
Starts 7 Years War
1687 Principia Mathmatica-
Newton's laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation
Henry VIII
(1509-1547) Catholic, “needed” a son heir, had 6 marriages
Voltaire
Candide satire criticised aristocratic privilege and power of church, stands for religious tolerance
Diderot
Encyclopedia, freedom of press and knowledge, the job of the government is to look out for people’s well-being
Montesquieu
The Spirit of Laws on protecting liberty from absolutism, denounces absolutism, advocates for separation of powers, creates checks and balances, ideal government is a small state direct democracy
Causes of French Revolution
Storming of Bastille, food shortage, ancien regime, American Revolution, Enlightenment ideas