HIST

Spanish Armada

Spanish Armada

1588

Cardinal Richelieu

(1585-1642)

Oliver Cromwell

(1599-1658)

Gunpowder Plot

1605

Thirty Years War

(1618-1649)

The Interregnum

(1625-1649)

English Civil War

(1642-1649)

Charles I

(1649-1660)

Bonnie Prince Charlie

(1720-1788)

War of Austrian Succ.

(1740-1748)

Copernicus

(1743-1573)

Robespierre

(1758–1794)

Estates General

1788

Tennis Court Oath

1789

Great Reform Bill

1867

Heliocentric Theory

Offered heliocentric model as construct for predicting planetary movements

Copernicus convinced of heliocentric theory

Forced to retain epicycles for planetary movement

Highlighted harmony in heavenly bodies

Did not answer what made planets move

Edict of Nantes

1st declaration of religious tolerance signed by French King Henry IV (for Protestants) 1598

Isaac Newton

(1643-1727) Born in Grantham

Attends Cambridge 1661, 1667 professor of mathematics, had invented calculus in 1669

Establishes modern physics

The Glorious Revolution

James the II of England is deposed and his daughter, Queen Mary and William Prince of Orange take over

Seven Years War

(1754-1763) Effort to stop it from becoming a global war

France loses colonies

Britain taxes american colonies

Divine Right of Kings

The belief that God dictates who rules, believed in by Charles I

The Terror

(1793-1794)- enacted to get rid of anti-revolution forces, executions of many Girondins; 2,600 people executed in Paris in 1 month and 14,000 people outside of Paris

Frederick the Great

(of Prussia 1740-1786)- enlightened monarch

Improve peasant life and abolish serfdom

Sponsor state industries and writes the Anti-Machiavel

Enact enlightenment policies through autocratic means

Starts 7 Years War

1687 Principia Mathmatica-

Newton's laws of motion and his law of universal gravitation

Henry VIII

(1509-1547) Catholic, “needed” a son heir, had 6 marriages

Voltaire

Candide satire criticised aristocratic privilege and power of church, stands for religious tolerance

Diderot

Encyclopedia, freedom of press and knowledge, the job of the government is to look out for people’s well-being

Montesquieu

The Spirit of Laws on protecting liberty from absolutism, denounces absolutism, advocates for separation of powers, creates checks and balances, ideal government is a small state direct democracy

Causes of French Revolution

Storming of Bastille, food shortage, ancien regime, American Revolution, Enlightenment ideas