Studied by 14 peoplePsychotherapies Psychopathology medicine diagnostic manuals importnat figures Developmental
Echolalia
Psychopathological repeating of words or phrases of one person by another; tends to be repetitive and persistant. Seen in certain kinds of Schizophrenia, particularly catatonic (CTP).
Echopraxia
Repetition by imitation of the movements of another. The action is not a willed or voluntary one and has a semiautomatic and uncontrollable quality
patient has, affect
mood is what——- and ——-is what clinician observe
gestures, body movements, and facial expressions
What do we observe in the body to know the affect in clinic
anxious,
irritable,
depressed,
elevated,
euphoric,
euthymic
The quality of affect can be:
Quality
Intensity
Range
Labile
communicability
appropriateness
Diurnal variation
mobility of affect,
Reactivity,
9 Different ways to assess affect in the session?
Diurnal variation of affect
The change in affect occuring with passage of the day. (Worse in morning, Worse in the evening, Worse at night)
Orientation
State of awareness of oneself and one’s surrounding in terms of time, place and person in the clinical set up shows what?
Acceleration of thoughts
When Flow of thinking becomes rapid and increase in amount it is called
Pressure of speech
Detailed under heading of Speech- Speed)- Increase in the amount of spontaneous speech, rapid, loud, accelerated speech.
Flight of ideas
Thoughts follow each other rapidly; there is no general direction of thinking; and the connections between successive thoughts appear to be due to chance factors which, however, can usually be understood
Prolixity
‘Ordered flight of ideas’ or excessive wordiness or verbosity in speech or writing
Bradypherenia (retardation)
the train of thought is slowed down and the number of ideas and mental images which present themselves is decreased.
Poverty of speech
Restriction in amount of speech used; replies might be monosymbolic. Also called laconic speech.
Circumstantiality
Thinking proceeds slowly with many unnecessary and trivial details, but finally the point is reached
Tangentiality
Refers to replying to a question in an oblique, tangential or even irrelevant manner does reach answer
Thought blocking
When there is a sudden arrest of the train of thoughts leaving the patient with a blank mind state, it is called?
Recent memory
Asking what’s your name or what medicine did you eat today is an example of testing what memory
Remote memory
asking when did you pass the graduation or when was your marriage is example of testing what memory?
Immediate Memory and New Learning
“I am going to ask you to remember three words (color, object, animal – e.g., blue, table, and horse) and I will ask you to repeat them to me in 5 minutes.
This is an example of what assessment in clinic?
form of a thought
The arrangement of parts in a thought is called its?
formal thought disorder
Disturbance in the form of thought are called
Negative and positive type
Which are 2 types of formal disorder?
Negative type formal disorder
When the patient is looses his previous ability to think and cannot produce a concept, What is the disorder
Positive type formal disorder
When patient produces false concept by blending together incongruous elements that is —- disorder
hallmark diagnostic feature of schizophrenia (SZ) and (bipolar) mania
Neologism
a newly coined word, phrase, or expression that has not yet become widely accepted or recognized in the language.
Obsessive thoughts
The symptom of Persistent and recurrent intrusive thoughts that cannot be eliminated from consciousness by logic or reasoning.
Rumination
repetitive thinking or dwelling on negative feelings and distress and their causes and consequences. and this is less intrusive
Compulsion
Obsessional motor acts are called?
Thought alienation
Patient has the experience that his thoughts are under the control of an outside agency or that others are participating in his thinking
Hallucination
A false perception which is not a sensory distortion or a misrepresentation, but which occurs at the same time as real perceptions. (Jasper).
Stereotypy/ excitement
non-goal directed action, which is carried out in a uniform way (Fish); Repetitive, seemingly driven and non-functional motor behaviour is termed as?
Seen in Autism
Aphasia
A language disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate.
Alogia
the inability to speak because of cognitive impairment, mental confusion, or aphasia/ Impoverishment of thought
Assertive therapay
A type of psychotherapy that focuses on developing communication skills and self-confidence to help individuals express their thoughts and feelings in a direct and respectful manner.
Biofeedback therapy
A therapy technique involving monitoring patient’s physical processing and then helps to reduce them for wellbeing
Dual instinct theory
Freudian theory saying Primary instincts (Eros) and death instincts (Thanatos) exist together correspond and clash with each other in a lifelong struggle.
Instinct
What is a form of energy—transformed physiological energy—that connects the needs of the body with the wishes of the mind. according to Freud
Eros and sex, nurturance, affection
What is and what are examples of primary life insticts according to Freud?
Thanatos
What is instincts for death and destruction according to Freud?
topographical model of mind
What is the model of mind saying it could be divided into three regions: conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. Propounded by Freud
Superego
What emerges when self-control replaces parental- control
Diffidence
an extreme lack of self-trust or self-confidence and is expressed as shyness or hesitancy to express oneself.
Defiance
stubbornly hold to socially unacceptable beliefs and practices simply because these beliefs and practices are unacceptable to the self.
Telegraphic speech
a type of speech in which a child uses short, simple sentences without articles or conjunctions. It typically occurs around age 2-3.
REgression
psychoanalytic defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated
Repression
in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
phenylketonoria/ PKU
A human metabolic disease caused by a mutation in a gene coding carried by both parents (Recessive) for a phenylalanine processing enzyme leads to accumulation of phenylalanine and mental retardation if not treated
Trait anxiety
a stable personality characteristic showing the tendency to feel consistently worried, nervousness, anxious across various situations.
Cystic fibrosis
A genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems.
CNS development
movement capacity
Intention of the child
Environment
What are 4 major factors that influences a new skill in motor development
Hydrophobia
Fear of water
Tay sachs
a fatal genetic disease that causes fatty material to build up in the nerves and brain
Spatial neglect
Condition where individuals have difficulty attending to or noticing stimuli on one side of space, typically due to brain damage.
It can affect perception, attention, and awareness.
Multimodal therapy
intended to optimize treatment of brain disorders by delivering different types of therapy together
Right hemisphere
When a split brain patient is presented with an image in the left visual field, which hemisphere of the brain primarily processes this information?
Split brain
A structure known as the corpus callosum connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain and enables communication between them. Dysfunction or absence of this structure can result in a condition known as?
Organisation
The internal cognitive process, according to Piaget, in which children form and rearrange new schemas and creating new interconnected more strong cognitive system?
Nature
In Developmental psychology the influence of our inherited characteristics on our personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions is called______
Nurture
the influence of the environment on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions.?
Personology
Study of personality from the holistic point of view, based on the theory that an individual's actions and reactions, thoughts and feelings, and personal and social functioning can be understood only in terms of the whole person
Labile affect
Rapid changes/Fluctuation in emotions that are often exaggerated or inappropriate in intensity. It is commonly seen in conditions such as bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and certain neurological disorders.
Self defeating personality disorder
A psychological disorder characterized by patterns of self-sabotaging behavior, often leading to failure or disappointment. Individuals with this disorder may resist success or reject help, ultimately hindering their own progress.
Avoidant personality disorder
a personality disorder characterized by anxiety in social situations and personal relationships, with feelings of inadequacy and extreme sensitivity to rejection or criticism.
Dependent personality disorder
a type of anxious personality disorder where the affected often feel helpless, submissive and incapable of taking care of themselves. They may have trouble making simple decisions.
Boarderline personality disorder
A personality disorder characterised by pervasive pattern of impulsivity, personal unstable relationship, trouble with self image and affect
Thematic appreciation test (TAT)
a projective psychological test where individuals interpret ambiguous scenes to reveal underlying thoughts, feelings, and motives.
It assesses personality and unconscious aspects.
(Morgan and murray)
Draw a person (DAP)
a psychological projective personality or cognitive test in which the test subject uses simple art supplies to produce depictions of people
Rorschach test
a psychological test where individuals interpret inkblots to reveal their thoughts and emotions. It's used to assess personality traits and emotional functioning.
Reciprocal determinism
The belief that personality is created by the interaction between a person, their behaviour and their environment proposed by Bandura?
Extraversion
One personality trait that is thought to be highly heritable is?
5 chromatic 5 achromatic
How many chromatic and achromatic in rorschach cards?
Kent rossen off word association test
a test of personality and mental function in which the subject is required to respond to each of a series of words with the first word that comes to mind or with a word of a specified class of words
Anthropometric measurement
noninvasive quantitative measurements of the body.
Alexander pass along test of intelligence
Performance Scale for assessing abstract and concrete abilities, devised by WP Alexander c. 1946; consisting of Cube Construction Tests, Block Design Test and Passalong Test;
Thought insertion
in schizophrenia involves somehow experiencing one's own thoughts as someone else's. thoughts being controlled or inserted into their mind by an external force or entity.
Thought withdrawal
the delusion that thoughts have been taken out of the patient's mind. It often accompanies thought blocking. The patient may experience a break in the flow of their thoughts believing that the missing thoughts have been withdrawn from their mind by some outside agency.
Thought broadcasting
A delusion that before we talk about what we think, everybody knows it. Everybody has access to the thought
Thought insertion, Thought withdrawal, thought broadcasting
What are types of thought alienation?
Schneiderian first-rank symptom/ first-rank phenomena/ first rank symptom / FRS
- - - - symptoms are considered important in the diagnosis of schizophrenia because they are highly specific to psychotic disorders and are less likely to occur in other psychiatric conditions.
Schneiderian first-rank symptom/ first-rank phenomena/ first rank symptom / FRS
Any form of thought alienation is a ———symptom, highly indicative of schizophrenia.
Eudemonia
a state of well-being or flourishing that encompasses a sense of purpose, fulfillment, and optimal functioning across various domains of life focusing personal growth, virtue, and fulfilling one's potential.
hedonic
The wellbeing and the type of happiness or contentment that is achieved when pleasure, satisfaction of desires, and self-interests are obtainedand pain is avoided.
pleasure, meaning/Virtue)
Hedonic is something that pursues —- to achieve happiness. Eudaimonic is something that pursues —— to achieve happiness long term.
Hedonic
Maximizing pleasure
Prioritize enjoyable experiences
Short-term gratification are examples of —— well being
emotional wellbeing
What focuses on emotions and feelings and Refers to the state of one's emotions, including happiness, contentment, and ability to manage stress and challenges effectively.
emotional wellbeing
a good Emotional regulation, stress management, positive emotions, coping strategies are examples of —- wellbeing
Social wellbeing
- —— well being focuses on social Relationships and social connections and refers to the quality of relationships, social support networks, and sense of belonging in communities or groups.
Psychological wellbeing
- — - - wellbeing refers to overall mental health and resilience, including self-esteem, purpose in life, personal growth, and sense of autonomy and control.
Psychological wellbeing
What is the term of wellbeing given to 'autonomy or being determining, independent and able to resist social pressures to think and act in certain ways ?
Depreciation
If a person may constantly criticize themselves or downplay their achievements to protect their self-esteem showing which defece mechanism
Auditory, olfactory, tactile, visual, Gustatory
What are the primary modes of hallucination
Thought echo, second person, running commentary
What are the types of hallucination occuring
Somatic passivity
The belief that outside influences are playing on the body. The patient is a passive and invariably a reluctant recipient of bodily sensations imposed upon him by some external agency
Volition
What do one check in MSE about how a person feels about the actions and behaviours related to their body
Made act
The patient has a cognitive beleif that he experiences his actions as being completely under the control of an external influence. The movements are initiated and directed throughout by the controlling influence, and the patient feels he is an automaton, the passive observer of his own actions.
Made affect
When a patient feels whatever they are feeling is putting by some external source
Made impulse
The cognitive beleif that impulse to carry out this action is not felt to be his own, but the actual performance of the act is, i.e. the action is admitted to be the patient’s own, but he feels that the impulse that precipitated him into doing it was not his own
Insight
What is the patient’s current awareness about their condition is called—— in MSE
delusion of reference
The delusion says neutral or unrelated events, objects, or actions in the environment are somehow specifically directed at them or have a special significance related to them personally.
Note
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