PHY 101 Lecture Notes - Statics and Dynamics

A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key terminology and concepts from the PHY 101 course relating to statics and dynamics.

Equilibrium

A state where a body remains at rest or moves with constant velocity because the net force and net moment acting on it are zero.

Static Equilibrium

A condition where a body is at rest.

Dynamic Equilibrium

A state where a body moves with constant velocity without acceleration.

Force Equilibrium

The sum of all external forces acting on the body must be zero.

Moment Equilibrium

The sum of all external moments about any point must be zero.

Stable Equilibrium

If displaced, the body returns to its original position.

Unstable Equilibrium

If displaced, the body moves further from its original position.

Neutral Equilibrium

If displaced, the body stays in its new position.

Concurrent Forces

Forces that act at the same point in a body.

Non-Concurrent Forces

Forces that do not meet at the same point on a body.

Moment of a Force

Measure of its tendency to cause a body to rotate about a point or axis.

Static Friction

Friction that prevents motion when an object is at rest.

Kinetic Friction

Friction that acts on objects already in motion.

Elastic Forces

Internal forces that develop when a structure is deformed under external loads.

Hooke’s Law

States that the force required to extend or compress a spring is directly proportional to the displacement from its equilibrium position.

Frictional Force

A resistance force that opposes relative motion between two surfaces in contact.

Torque

A measure of the rotational force applied to an object about an axis.

Newton’s First Law

An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force.

Newton’s Second Law

The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Newton’s Third Law

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Law of Universal Gravitation

Every point mass attracts every other point mass with a force proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Potential Energy

Energy stored in an object due to its position or configuration.

Kinetic Energy

Energy of a moving object.

Work

The product of force and displacement in the direction of the force.

Power

The rate at which work is done or energy is transferred over time.

Efficiency

The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input, expressed as a percentage.

Laminar Flow

Smooth fluid flow in parallel layers with minimal mixing.

Turbulent Flow

Chaotic fluid flow characterized by irregular patterns and significant mixing.