Organic chem unit 30 - isomers

Isomerism

The presence of different compounds with the same molecular formula but different arrangement of atoms

The two types of isomerism are structural and __

stereoisomerism

Stereoisomerism

Different arrangement in space in each isomer of the same atoms that are bonded together in the same order

Cis-trans-isomerism

Caused by restricted rotation around the C=C double bond

Cis isomer

Isomer of a carbon compound containing a C=C double bond with 2 of the same (groups of) atoms on the same side of the double bond

Trans isomer

Isomer of a carbon compound with a C=C double bond where 2 of the same (group of) atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond

Structural isomerism

The same atoms that are bonded together in a different order in each isomer

Chain isomers

Carbon compounds with the same molecular formula that differ in lengths of carbon chain due to the possibility of branching

Position isomers

Carbon compounds with the same molecular formula but different positions of the same functional group(s) on the carbon chain

Functional group isomerism

Carbon compounds with the same molecular formula but different functional groups

Enantiomerism

Isomers that contain chiral carbon centres bonded to 4 different groups or atoms (in a tetrahedral arrangement)

Chirality

The presence of mirror images of a compound that are non-superimposable upon each other

Plane of polarisation

Optical activity

The ability of a chemical species to rotate a plane-polarised plane of polarised light

Explain the differences in physical properties between butan-1-ol and 2-methylpropan-1-ol in terms of structure.

Explain the differences in physical properties between butan-1-ol and butan-2-ol in terms of structure.

How do the chemical properties of cis-trans isomers differ?

How do the physical properties of cis-trans isomers differ?

Explain the differences in boiling point between cis-but-2-ene and trans-but-2-ene.

Explain the differences in optical activity in these two stereoisomers.