NCSU SOC 203 Final

The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956

One of the largest public works projects in American History. In the 1930s, companies and industry members lobbied for highway construction. Outcome led to divided or demolished BIPOC neighborhoods, made it easier to live in suburbs and commute, and U.S. transportation policy essentialized automobiles

Walkable City

Walking needs to be useful (commute with purpose), safe (not worrying about speeding cars), comfortable (sidewalks, trees, buildings), and interesting (shops, cafes, people, art)

Third Places

Somewhere we go to socialize and form a community

Ableism

Discrimination against people with disabilities (positive and negative ableism)

Ableist Microaggressions

"That guy is crazy", "You're acting so bipolar today", "Can I pray for you?"

Disability

Covers several functional limitation, physical or sensory, mental, and intellectual

Accessibility

Making things more equitable so that disabled people have same opportunities and support to thrive as do non-disabled people. (handrails, transcripts read text out loud, using plain and clear language)

Disability Justice

Creating a world where everybody, every mind, regardless of how it is shaped or moves or functions in the world, has a place and understands that disabled folks have. a lot to offere to our communities

Capital

An asset, such as money or property, used to produce more wealth

Capitalism

A political and economic system in which individuals and corporations privately own and control means of production

Anti-intellectualism

Hostility to and mistrust of intellectuals

Social determinants of health (structural determinants, socioeconomic position, intermediary determinants)

Context in which a person is born into, a person's place in society, and material circumstances

Medicare

Federal healthcare insurance program for ages 65+ regardless of income

Medicaid

Jointly funded state and federal program that helps people with limited income and resources

Medical Gaslighting

A healthcare professional invalidates or dismisses a patient's symptoms, concerns, or experiences

Greenhouse effect

Greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, and fluorinated gases) are released. into air and get trapped in Earth's atmosphere by heat of sunlight

Environmental Justice

Principle that all people and communities are entitled to equal protection of environmental and public health laws and regulations

Indigenous Environmental Justice

Connects dots between colonialism, climate change, and present use of violence to perpetuate more violence

Greenwashing

Act of providing the public with misleading info about environmental impact of company's products, services, and operations

Consumerism

The idea that an ever-increasing consumption of goods is good for the economy

Planned Obsolescence

Deliberate poor design

Fast Fashion

A business model where trendy, inexpensive clothes are rapidly mass-produced to quickly move from catwalks to stores, encouraging frequent buying and discarding

Food System

Complex web of activities involving production, processing, distribution, consumption, and disposal of food

Hidden Costs of the Food System (environmental, social)

Farmers and farmworkers lives at risk, crops turned into processed foods, people are malnourished, consumers diagnosed with chronic diseases from highly processed foods

Industrial Agriculture

Large-scale, high yield farming system that uses tech, mechanization, and synthetic chemicals to grow crops and raise livestock

Government Subsidies

Financial support given to farmers and agribusinesses

Monoculture

Cultivation of a single crop

Monopoly (seeds, snacks/beverages)

Dependency on a few large corporations, increased prices for patented seeds and pesticides, limits farmer choice and autonomy, debt and financial stress, high rates of depression and suicide

Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation CAFOs

Agriculture facility where animals are overcrowded in dark, filthy settings to maximize production of meat

Deforestation

clearing a wide area of land and trees

Carbon Sink

a natural artificial reservoir that absorbs and stores carbon from the atmosphere, helping to reduce the concentration of carbon dioxide; it mitigates climate change by removing excess CO2 emissions

Unprocessed foods

whole, natural foods in their original state or with minimal alternation

Processed foods

any foods altered from their natural state

Ultra-Processed Foods

industrial formulations made from substances extracted from whole foods plus additives

Bliss Point

Perfect combo of sugar, salt, and fat set off pleasure chemicals in brain

Vanishing Caloric Density

When food melts or dissolves in mouth quickly, tricking into believing calories in food are disappearing

Hunger

distress associated with lack of food

Food Insecurity

lack of consistent access to enough food for every person in a household to live an active, healthy life (temporary or long term)

Food accessibility

food is within reach of every person

Food affordability

an individual has enough money to buy sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to meet dietary needs

Food availability

sufficient quantities of quality food from various sources to meet a populations needs

Food Desert

Neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutritious foods

Capitalism

a political and economic system in which individuals and corporations privately own and control means of production

Private Property

Private ownership of means of productions (land, labor, capital)

Commodity

an object that satisfies humans wants

Use value

human needs to wants a commodity fulfills (ex

Exchange Value

The ratio or proportion at which a commodity can be exchanged for another

Value

the measure of labor that goes into creating a commodity

Surplus Value

Difference between the income from selling a product and the amount it costs to produce it, also known as profit

Crisis of Overproduction

Oversupply of commodities due to capitalist overproduction

Disaster Capitalism

When private interests descend on a particular region following major destablizing events

Neoliberalism

A set of economic and political views and policies used to administer a capitalist state, characterized by attacks on many previous concessions to working class, welfare, and other social programs

Structural Adjustment Programs SAPs

Economic policies imposed by IMF and WB as conditions for loans

Racial Capitalism

Form of capitalism where racism and commodification of nonwhite people are at its core

Socialism

All people own means of production

Democratic Socialism

Shares values of socialism and insists on meeting these goals through a democratic way, not through authoritarian control

Communism

Political and economic system where means of production are publicly owned

Mutual Aid

idea of mutually helping each other

Social Justice

Political and philosophical theory that focuses on concept of fairness between individuals and society

Equality

everyone gets treated the same

Equity

fairness

Social Change

alterations in basic structures of society or social group

Social Movements

Organized effort by a group of human beings to affect change in face of resistance by other human beings

Activism

taking action to achieve social or political change

Protests

A public expression of objection or disapproval, often in the form of a demonstration, to oppose a specific idea, action, or policy