Nutrition Review

mouth

the process of digestion starts here

two sphincters associated with esophagus

* lower esophageal
* upper esophageal

accessory organs

* liver
* gallbladder
* pancreas

pancreas

where insulin and glucagon is produced

lymphatic system

large fats, fat soluble vitamins, and chylomicrons use this method

monosaccharides

* glucose
* fructose
* galactose

amylase

this enzyme starts the breakdown of starch in mouth

glucose & glucose

maltose breaks down into _

small intestine

most carb absorption breaks down here

type 1 diabetes

autoimmune disease for pancreas disfunction

HDL

good cholesterol

AMDR for fats

25-35%

sources of dietary fats

* oils
* solid fats
* full fat dairy
* fried foods
* etc

percentage of daily energy intake from sat. fats

< 10%

lipids found in the body

* phospholipids
* triglycerides
* sterols

essential amino acids

amino acids that cannot synthesize; have to get from food

main function of proteins

building blocks for most body structures

denaturation

break down of proteins that alter structure (begins in stomach)

cause of food allergies

proteins; triggers an immune response

animal protein

source of protein that is the highest quality

population that should avoid alcohol

* pregnant women
* breastfeeding women
* alcohol abusers
* etc

glucose & fructose

monosaccharides that make up sucrose

little as possible

recommended amount of trans fat

lipoproteins

* HDL
* LDL
* VLDL
* Chylomicrons

glucose

what is not a polysaccharide

hyperglycemia

high blood sugar

gluconeogenesis

makes glucose from non-carb nutrients

essential fatty acids

omega 3 & omega 6

proteins

every cell in your body has _

AMDR for carbs

45-65%

ketosis

* fasting
* low carb diet
* uncontrolled type 1 diabetes

glucose

main fuel source of body

type 2

most common type diabetes

enzymes

proteins that speed up (catalyst for) reactions

whole wheats/grains

* increase dietary fiber
* nutrient dense
* increase satiety

cholesterol

precursor for

* bile
* vitamin D
* some sex hormones

small intestine; stomach

absorption in _

digestion in _

liquid

Are unsaturated fats solid or liquid at room temperature?

omega 3

suppresses inflammation

no

are unsaturated fats tighter?

carbs, proteins, and fat

lead to storage of fat

HDL

which lipoprotein picks up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources for disposal?

positive nitrogen balance

state in which the body retains more nitrogen than it loses

Growing children and adolescents

state in which the body retains more nitrogen than it loses

sucrose

fructose + glucose

* table sugar

lactose

glucose + galactose

* dairy