APWH Modern- Vocab Units 1 AND 2

Vocab for period 1

Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE)

The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.

Filial Piety

In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors.

Neo-Confucianism

A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements.

Theravada, Mahayana, Tibetan

Three major branches of Buddhism in East Asia

Champa rice

tributary gift from Vietnam to China, led to population increase

Grand Canal

Built in 7th century; strengthened China's internal cohesion and economic development

footbinding

practice used in Song China to reinforce gender norms

Steel, iron, porcelain, textiles

major exports of the Song Dynasty

junk

Song sailing ship based on Austronesian ship designs that increased maritime trade

Abbasid Caliphate

third of the Islamic Empires ruling until 1258 CE. The rulers built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphs

Spain

Western European nation impacted by Islam in the period 1200-1450

Mamluk Sultanate

Egyptian military rulers descended from the professional slave army Saladin used to conquer Egypt. Struggled with Ottomans for control of Egypt

Delhi Sultanates

Islamic empire ruling India from 1206-1526; Muslims ruling a Hindu population

Sufis

Muslim mystics who seek communion with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals. Major impact on Muslim spirituality

House of Wisdom

An academic center for research and translation of foreign texts that was established in Baghdad in 830 C.E. by the Abbasid caliph al-Mamun.

Hinduism

A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms

Bhakti Movement

Hindu movement seeking to emphasize the idea of devotion to God (Salvation); women began to receive greater importance and recognition in society

Monasticism

movement that helped preserve Christian thinking in Europe through Middle Ages

Vijayanagara, Khmer, Srivijaya, Rajput, Majapahit, Sukhothai, Sinhala

Major Hindu-Buddhist States of Unit 1

Maya city-states

Tikal = most important city / Architecture = pyramids / number system / Calendar

Mexica (or Aztec)

Mesoamerican empire that used tribute, conquest, and trade to control the region

Inca

Largest and most powerful empire in South America. Capital=Cuzco

Chaco, Mesa Verda, Cahokia

Two of 3 major civilizations in North America 1200-1450

Great Zimbabwe

A powerful state in the African interior that apparently emerged from the growing trade in gold to the East African coast; flourished between 1250 and 1350 C.E.

Hausa Kingdoms

1 kingdom divided into 7 states that were connected through kinship, blood, or ethnic ties; very active in the trans-Saharan trade network

Angkor Wat

Hindu temple erected in Khmer kingdom that shows impact of Hinduism along trade routes

Holy Roman Empire

Major empire of Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages until 1806

Feudalism

A decentralized political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land

Hanseatic League

An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century.

Kashgar and Samarkand

Major cities developing along the Silk Roads

Bills of Exchange

Established exchange rates between different coinage systems

Banking Houses

Places to store money or exchange foreign currencies, borrow money; help to increase trade

Chinggis Khan

elected khan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China

Yuan Dynasty

Centralized Mongol State in China; strong bureaucracy

Il-Khan

Mongol khanate expanding through Armenia, Azerbaijan, Mesopotamia, and Iran

Golden Horde

Batu's Mongol khanate based in southern Russia; quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam.

Religious tolerance

policy of the Mongols that allowed subject peoples to continue their cultural practices

Greco-Islamic medicine in Western Europe

Because of Islamic advancement in this field, Europeans incorporated many of the practices. First spreading through Spain, and then later throughout Europe during the 15th century.

Uyghur script

Basis for Mongols' vertical alphabet, also adopted by many Turkic-speaking peoples and is related to the alphabets of Western Asia

Compass, Astrolabe, large merchant ships

Major transportation technologies of 1200-1450

City-states on Swahili Coast

Major African states that flourished due to trade in 1200-1450

Sultanate of Malacca

Southeast Asian City-State in modern-day Singapore that grew powerful due to trade

Arab and Persian Merchants

Major diaspora and communities of Traders in East Africa 1200-1450

Chinese Merchants

Major diaspora and communities of Traders in Southeast Asia 1200-1450

monsoon winds

Weather pattern that helped carry ships on the Indian Ocean between India and Africa

Camel Saddle

Transportation technology that increased trade across the Sahara in Africa

caravan

A group of traders traveling together; very popular on Trans-Saharan trade routes

Mali

Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Africa; famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade.

Salt-Gold Trade

The trade between northern and western Africa that ultimately benefited the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires

Buddhism

Religion that grew in East Asia during 1200-1450 due to trade

Islam

Religion that grew in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia due to increased connectivity in 1200-1450

Gunpowder

Invented within China during the 9th century and becomes predominant military advantage for states to follow

Ibn Battuta, Margery Kempe, Marco Polo

2 of 3 major traveling authors of the period 1200-1450

Bubonic Plague

disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages