Unit Three

What were the Islamic states that rose after the Mongol (aka the Gunpowders states)

• Ottoman

• Safavid

• mughal

What are some empires that rose after the Mongols.

• Russia

• Manchu/Qing Dynasty

• Songhai

Timurid dynasty was founded by _____ in the _____

Timur (Tamerlane); 14th century

The Timurid dynasty spanned

Central Asia and the Middle East

The Timurid dynasty developed

centralized empire administration, strong military, and cultual renaissance.

The Ottoman dynasty lasted from

1299- 1453

The Ottoman empire began with _____ ______ ______ and the conquest of

Sultan Mehmed the second; Constantinople

When did the ottomans conquer Constantinople?

1453

When did the Ottomans become a "Gunpowder state"

1453

Mehmen the second strengthens the Ottoman navy and took advantage of

employing artillery

Why did the Byzantine Empire end

Because it was captured by the Ottomans

What were the two most extensive reasons behind the Ottomans expansion and conquest

Mobility and Firepower

Why are the Topcu Ocagi and the Baslica Cannon significant developments in the Ottoman expansion

Because this allowed them to conquer other empires

Which contients does the Ottoman empire span across by the end of Sulieman the firsts reigin in 1566

Europe, Africa, and Asia

Suleiman the Magnificent reigened from

1520-1566

Silimen led the Ottoman empire into a

Golden Age

Why was the SiIlmen empire known as the Golden Age

territorial expansion, military campaigns, and economic growth

Suleiman's ottoman formed alliances with

Europe

The decline of Timurid left the place

politically fragmented

Ismali becomes the Shah of Islam at the age of

14

Ismail was a descendant of a sufi leader, which caused the Safavid empire to be rooted in

Sufism

Abbas the great ruled the Safavid empire from

1588-1629

Abbas the great's reign also marked a

Golden age

Abbas encouraged ______ and ______

trade and commerce

Abbas supported

architecture, calligraphy, and literature

When was the Ottoman Safavid war?

1623-1639

What were some causes behind the Ottoman-Safavid War

Political:

• border disputes, particularly Iraq and Caucasus,

• Past Wars and territorial losses

• comeption for regional dominace

  Religous:

  • Ottoman was predominalty Sunni, while Safavid followed Shia Islam

  • Safavids active promotion of Shia Islam + Conversion effots in majority Sunni communities

Babur was a descendant of who?

Ghengas Khan on his Mothers side

Timur on his Fathers side

Babur was founder of the ________ dynasty.

Mughal

Babur ruled the Kingdom of

Fergana

Babur defeated the Delhi Sultante at the _____ _____ ___________ in ____

Battle of Panipat; 1526

Akbar was the grandson of

Babur

What were the years of Akbar's reign

1556-1605

Mughal empire expierenced a _______ ___ under Akbar

Golden Age

Aruangzeb reigned from

1658- 1707

War elephants and cannons were used under the rule of

Aurangzeb

When was the Mughal-Safavid war

1649-1653

Explain the causes behind the Mughal-Safivid war

Political: Shah Jahn of the Mughals wanted to explore into Safavid territory to secure trade routes
Religious: the Mughals followed Sunni Islam, while the Safavid followed the Shia Islam

Yuan Dynasty time period

1271-1368

Ming Dynasty Time Period

1368-1644

Qing Dynasty Time Period

1644-1911

Prince Dorgan of the Mancus led invasions against the

Ming Dynasty

Emperor Kangxi ruled from

1661-1722

Emperor Qianlong ruled from

1736-1796

Emperor Kanji expanded territory into

Titan, Mongolia, and Tibet

Emperor Qianlong expanded into

central asia (but failed to expand into burma and vietnam)

What were the four methods that rulers used

• Use bureaucratic elites and military professionals

• Put religion on your side

• Monumental architecture (the bigger the better)

• Develop a decent tax collection

Burecratic Elites

a governing class operating under a hierachical structure that helps organize and control states

Military professionals

elite forces that usually serve very close to the ruler and help maintain control and stability

Divine right of Kings

when rulers cliam that their authority is derived from God

Unifies diverse populations

a state religon which openly practiced by a ruler, creates a sense of greater unfication.

Why did monumental architecture legitimize a ruler's authority?

• the buildings were grand- they had no purpose

• they showcase the rulers power and wealth

What was the order of the bureaucratic elites in the Ottoman Empire?

Sultan, Grand Vizier, Vizier, Pashas

What was the role of the Sultan in the Ottoman Empire

Absolute Ruler

What was the role of the Grand Vizier in the Ottoman Empire

Chief Adviser

What was the role of the Vizier in the Ottoman Empire

Officials under the Grand Vizier

What was the role of the Pashas in the Ottoman Empire

Reginal Governors

the elite enderun school recruited students via

Devisirme

Devisirme

the islamization of enslaved Christian Children

Janissaries

an elite miltary force recruited from the Devisirme

Janissaries were forbiden to

engage in pursuits outside of the Janissary duties

Janissaries served as

• bodygaurds to the Sultan

• policemen

• palace gaurds

• firefighers

Janissaries were the first real military corps to use

firearms

Jizya is a tax on

non-muslims

Devsirme's role is taxes

Children could be traded instead of money

What does Daimyo mean?

large land owner

What was the role of the emperor during the Sengoku period

• sympolic figurehead

• confined to the imperial palace

What was the role of the Shogun during the Sengoku period

• maintaining order

• controlling Samuri class

• overseeing the daimyos

Despite the emperor holding hier rank during the Sengoko period, who held more power

shoguns and daimyos

The Sengoku's were introduced to guns via

Portuguese in 1543

Azuchi Castle was built in ____ by ____ _______

1579; Oda Nobunga

Who were the unifiers of Japan?

• Oda Nobunaga

• Toyotomi Hideyoshi

• Tokugawa Ieyasu

Tokugawa Shogunate was appointed shogun in

1603

Tokugawa Shogunate standardized

currency

Tokugawa Shogunate restricted the activites of ___________ ________ to maintain social order

Samurai Class

What was the role of Zamindars in the Mughal Empire

they collected taxes

Describe the Aztec system for receiving payments

• rulers forced tribute payments by thread of war

• payments were made in form by luxury goods

In what formets did the Ming collect taxes

• hard currency as a portion of agricultral output

• salt

What does the word samurai mean

warrior or knight

Where did Zen Buddhism come from and why did it appeal to the Samurai

• It came from India

• Its simple rituals, along wit beliefs that salvation comes from within. This provided a background for the Sanurais code of behavior.

What changes occurred under the leadership of Tokugawa leasu in 1615 CE

The Tougaya army destorys the Totomi Strongold and Osaka. This brough 250 years of peace.

How did the roles of the Samurai change as a result of the Tokugawa Shogunate?

The importance of Martial arts declines, and many samuris became bureaucrats, teachers, or artists.

Why did the role of the Samurai change?

As modern militaris emerged in teh 19th century they very expensive to maintain comapred to the average soilder.

When was Japanese feudalism abolished

1871

Christianty originated in the

1st century

The church began to rival state governments in the

13th century

Feudalism began its decline in the

13th century

The plauge peaked in

1351

The western schism in 1378 resulted in

two popes in France and Rome

The _____ _____ _____ was Europes first major unifying power

Roman Catholic Church

The Church was a well- orginzed system of

communication and bureacracy

The Grat Schism of 1054 split the church into what two branches?

Eastern Orthidix

Roman Cathloic

What was the major result in of the western schisim in 1378

tow opposint popes which slip europes alliance.

Conciliarism

a movement to reform the Church by stating power resided in an eamencial council of bishops and other church ahtorities which eroded the power of Europe

What did humanist scholars begin to scrutinize

Church doctrines, challenging some of the traditonal beliefts + practices

Who was Dutch Christian

a catholic priest and humanist scholar

Duch Christian translated __ _____ __________ which made it

The New Testament; accessible to more people

Dutch Christian critized

corruption within the Roman Cathlic Church

Indulgences

a remission or reduction of the temporal punishment that a perosn might face for their sins. These could be purchased and this lead to criticisms of corruption.