PROCEDURES IN RUMINANTS

METHOD OF CHOICE FOR DEHORNING AND DISBUDDING SHOULD BE WHAT

SHOULD BE MATCHED THE SIZE OF THE HORN AND AGE OF THE ANIMAL

THIS IS DESTRUCTION OR EXCISION OF HORN PRODUCING CELLS BEFORE SKULL ATTACHMENT

DISBUDDING

AGE OF GOATS WHEN DISBUDDING

7-10 DAYS OF AGE

AGE OF CATTLE WHEN DISBUDDING

BIRTH TO 2 MONTHS

EXCISION OF HORN AFTER THE HORN HAS ERUPTED THROUGH THE SKIN AND PROTRUDES

DEHORNING

IN METHODS OF DISBUDDING IN GOATS WHAT SHOULD BE PLACED ON THE HORN BUD

CAUSTIC PASTE

IN METHODS OF DISBUDDING IN GOATS WHAT SHOULD BE PLACED OVER THE HORN BUD AND BURN THR BUD AND SURROUNDING TISSUE TO KILL THE HORN

ELECTRIC DEHORNING IRONS

FOR CAUSTIC PASTE, WHAT IS THE PRECAUTION FOR THIS?

CARE MUST BE TAKEN TO NOT GET THE PASTE ON YOURSELF OR ON THE ANIMAL’S EYE.

ELECTRIC DEHORNER IS USED TO?

DISBUD KIDS

IN METHODS OF DEHORNING, WHAT IS THE STEOS FOR SAW DEHORNING?

• RESTRAINT THE ANIMALS

• CLIP THE HAIR FROM THE BASE OF THE HORN (APPROC 1 INCH WIDE ALL AROUND THE HORN BASE)

• SAW THE HORNS,1/2 INCH OF THE SKIN GROWING FROM THE BASE OF THE HORN

  • RISK OF INJURY

• GIVE INJECTION OF TETANUS ANTITOXIN AND ANTIBIOTICS

METHODS OF DISBUDDING IN LARGE ANIMALS, IN CAUSTIC PASTE?

CAUSTIC PASTE

• APPLICATION WITHIN THE FIRST FEW DAYS OF LIFE

  • LESS EFFECTIVE AND DISCOURGAE AFTER THE CALF IS 2 WEEKS OF AGE.

METHODS OF DISBUDDING IN LARGE ANIMALS, IN DEHORNING KNIFE?

• REMOVE ABOUT 1 CM OF SKIN AROUND THE HORN BUD

• CALVES: UP TO 2-3 MONTHS WITH A MOBILE HORN

• ADVANTAGES: MINIMAL TISSUE DAMAGE, AVOIDANCE OF EXPOSING THE SINUS ACTIVITY

METHODS OF DISBUDDING IN LARGE ANIMALS, IN DEHORNING IRON?

• BLOOD SUPPLY WILL BE SEARED OFF THE HORN BUD, AND THE AREA WILL DIE AND DROP OFF.

• METHOD: HOT IRON IS PLACED OVER THE HORN BUD, 1 CM FROM THE HORN BUD EDGES, TWISTED A FEW TIMES

  • CATTLE: ABOUT 2 MONTHS OF AGE.

AGE OF CATTLE IN DEGORNING IRON

2 MONTHS OF AGE

IN DEHORNING CUP, STEPS?

• DWONWARD PRESSURE ON THE TOOL, APPLY WITH A SCISSOR LIKE MOVEMENT.

AGE OF CATTLE IN DEHORNING CUP

2- 6 MONTHS TO WEANERS

FOR SCOOP DEHORNERS?

PRESSING VERTICALLY DOWN THE HORN AND PUSHING THE HANDLES OUTWARD THEREBY SCOOPING OUT THE HORN.

FOR SAW DEHORNING IN LARGE RUMINANTS?

REMOVAL OF THE HORN BASED USING A HORN SAW

AGE OF CATTLE IN SCOOP DEHORNERS?

WEANERS AND OLDER CATTLE

FOR HORN TIPPING?

• REMOVAL OF THE SHARP POINTS OF THE HORNS

• TX FOR IRRITATION CAUSED WHEN CURLED HORN GROWS BACK INTO THE HEAD

CASTRATION OF THE YOUNG BUCK KID/CALF INVOLVES THE

REMOVAL OF THE TESTES, EPIDIDYMES AND A PORTION OF EACH SPERM DUCT

CASTRATED MALE GOAT/SHEEP

WETHER

CASTRATED MALE CATTLE

STEER

CASTRATION SHOULD TAKE PLACE AT THE YOUNGETS AGE POSSIBLE. T/F?

TRUE

HOW TO RESTRAINT YOUNG KIDS?

• an assistant set the buck on his lower back or rump with hind limbs pointing forwards

  • kid’s back is vertical or nearby vertical and held against the body of the holder

how about for 3-4 mos how to restraint for castration

stanchion or cast to the ground

castration for cattle or buffalo specifically calf

• let the calf stand in a chute with the tail held directly over the back by another person

• laying the calf on a table

• stretching the calf out on the ground

steps on castrating with burdizzo (no blood)

• method: crushes the blood vessels —> interrupts the blood supply —> kills the testicles

burdizzo should be use in what animals?

young animals

to castrate with burdizzo?

• feel the scrotum with your hand and you will feel the two rope- like testicular cords inside

• take the burdizzo in your right hand and with your left hand push the cord to the side between the jaws of the burdizzo and squeeze hard

  • position the jaws of the emasculatome about 2/3rds of the scrotum is below the crush site when the jaws are closed

• now take the burdizzo in the left and and crush the other cord

  • crush for 10 seconds

• a heavy rubber band or rings is placed over the scrotum near its upper end

  • the rubber ring stops the circulation of the blood to the testes and scrotum —> sloughing of scrotum and testes in 10-14 days

castration with rubber rings (elastrator)

how many days for sloughing of scrotum and testes

10-14 days

age for castration with rubber rings in cattle

birth to 3 weeks old

age for castration with rubber rings in goats

birth - 8 weeks

steps for castration with rubber rings (elastator)

• be certain that you have all the necessary equipment

• catch and restraint the animal in the manner appropriate t his size and to the number of assistants available

• douse the upper portion of the scrotum near where it attaches to the body with antiseptic

• place the rubber ring on the prongs of the elastator. orient the prongs so that they fave forward the kid’s body

• expand the ring by squeezing the handles of the elastator

• places the expanded ring over the scrotum and testes and position it as close as possible without interfering with the rudimentary teats

• grasp and manipulate the scrotum until you are certain that both testes are descended and are controlled by your hand

• press the trigger lever that dispaces the rind from the prongs, thereby positioning it on the testes

• administer an injection of tetanus antitoxin

T/F. hoof care in any animal species is a vital part of their mngt

true

how to revent lesions in hoof trimming

by restoring a more upright foot angle and distributing the weight evenly between the medial and lateral hooves

tends to overgrow on ruminants

hoof wall

material for hoof trimming

foot shears

hoof trimmer

hoof knife

whats the normal growth rate of the horn of the cow’s hoof?

approx. 7mm per month

frequency of hoof trimming and if animal has history of hoof lesions?

every 4-6 months

if with history - every 3-4 months

how often should you trim a goat’s hooves?

6-8 weeks

this is the basis of keeping accurate production records of the herd / flock

animal identification

how to do animal identification

• keep records on an animals parentages

• birth date

• prod records

• health history

permanent methof of identifying

tattooing

how tattooing works

a tattoo inked forced into the punctures remains visible after the puncture wounds heal

right time for tattooing in kids or lamb?

5-6 mos

for black inks where to put

white ears

for green inks where to put

black pigmented ears

steps for tattoing

• Assemble necessary equipment. Select the number to be tattooed.

• Place this first set-up and the remaining digits into the a jar for disinfection.

• Catch and restrain the animal • Examine the ear.

• Find ribs of cartilage with spaces between them

• Insert the tattoo numerals into the widest of these spaces without damaging the cartilage

• Clean the front and back of the ear with disinfectant.

• Place the tattoo pliers over the edge fo the ear and quickly, but smoothly and forcefully press the needle-point numerals into the ear by squeezing the handles of the pliers

• Release and rub the ink or past into the needle punctures.

notch on top of left ear

number 1no

tch on bottom of the left ear

10

notch on end of the left ear

100

hole on the center of the left ear

1000

notch of top of the right ear

3

notch on bottom of ht eright ear

30

notch on the end right ear

300

hole on the center of right ear

3000

attaching a tag to the ear enables easy identification of an animal throught its lifetime

ear tagging

steps in ear tagging

• pierce through the ear

• attched between the second or third cartilage rib of one or more ears using an applicator gun

tag in left ear

male

tag in right ear

female

advantage of freeze branding

allows for animals to be identified from a greater distance than ear tags

involves the use of branding irons being chilled in liquid nitrogen or dry ice

freeze branding

true or false. freeze branding is applied on the hide

ture

chilled branding iron kills the what?

kills cells produce color pigment in the hair follicle

used as common method for identification in dairy catlle

it has numbered tag attached that corresponds to the animals identification number

easy to apply and painless

neck chains

process by which the woollem fleece of sheep is cut off

sheep shearing

sheep shearing is a specialized skill. t/f

yes true

when is the best time to shear a sheep?

generally: warmer months

what are other considerations to shear a sheep at its best time?

ewes 4-6 weeks before mating, do not shear right after mating

preparation for sheep shearing

• do not shear after meak- full stomach contributes animal discomfort during shearing

• wet sheep should not be shorn